As an important part of China’s new media layout, the county-level media convergence center is responsible for guiding and serving the masses. Enhancing the science communication capacity of county-level media convergence center is an effective way to improve public scientific literacy. Clarifying various influencing factors in communication is the premise and foundation of improving the science communication capacity of the county-level media convergence center. This study uses the method of grounded theory to explore 5 levels (national, county, the county-level media convergence center organization, member individuals, and the public) and 16 factors affecting the science communication capacity of the county-level media convergence center. constructs the influence mechanism model, and analyzes the role and impact of all factors on science communication capacity. Finally, corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for different levels, mainly including: strengthening national policy guidance and improving policy system; the science communication capacity of county-level media convergence center will be included in the county-level assessment indicators; county-level media convergence center shall formulate corresponding management system and strengthen personnel training; obtaining public attention through advanced technology to create science communication products.