Big Data Age poses challenges for studies on public understanding of science research. Application technology has penetrated into all aspect of public life. The public skeptical of science and technology could not only be due to low level of scientific literacy, or the so-called “low quality”. The NSF of United States has been in the debate recent years, on science literacy test and nonlinear trend between scientific knowledge and attitude. The research in the past 30 years warns us that we could not just rely on questionnaire and sampling survey to get credible results. Big Data could suggest a model for observingthe change of public understanding of science and technology and the attitude, and the influential factors. The purpose of this paper gives a idea of the social mode of Big Data in China and other recommendations, and bringing more discussions.