Modern biology knowledge was transferred into China with the influx of western missionaries. In order to adapt to the needs of the schools set up by churches, the missionaries compiled the earliest biology textbooks. A number of new primary and secondary schools were established after the Renyin-Kuimao Educational System was put into practice by the Qing government. A large number of biology textbooks were published by the Qing government, government-run institutions of all levels, civil bookstores and some schools, most of which were translated from Japanese textbooks. Compared with the government-run institutions, civil bookstores occupied the main market of school textbooks. Although not yet mature, primary and secondary school biology textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty played a groundbreaking role for the later compilation and publication of biology textbook.

the late Qing Dynasty  /  primary and secondary school textbooks  /  biology textbooks