The United States has a large number of popular science volunteers, and has accumulated considerable experience in the management mechanism and activities of popular science volunteers. By examining the access mechanism, management system, laws, and forms of activities of American science popularization volunteers, we have found that: The management of volunteers has a standardized entry and exit mechanism, a relatively complete reward and punishment mechanism, a convenient entry channel, and diverse forms of activities. In contrast, the current number of Chinese science popularization volunteers and their role in the spread of science and technology are relatively weaker. There are also many problems and deficiencies regarding the service. It is recommended that relevant departments conduct standardized and uniform management of popular science volunteers, improve relevant laws and improve the management system of popular science volunteers with a view to improving civic scientific literacy in an all-round way.