Scientific literacy underpins national technological innovation and sustainable development，with the efficacy of science popularization directly influencing a nation’s overall scientific literacy. China has always attached great importance to the science popularization，and since the beginning of the 21st century，the promulgation of a series of important policies and documents and the establishment of mechanisms for the science popularization have led to the important development of the cause of science popularization. In the new era，the connotation，concept and means of science popularization have undergone significant changes，and science popularization is facing many challenges，including insufficient understanding of the importance of science popularization，insufficient supply of high-quality science popularization，the urgent need to improve the system of collaborative work in the society of science popularization and the need to strengthen the venues for science popularization，etc. In view of this，the latest progress and experience of science popularization in the international arena will be useful for China to enhance the effectiveness of science popularization. This paper takes the United Kingdom，the United States，Japan，Australia and the European Union as the research objects，and conducts in-depth research and comparative analysis on the science popularization systems in these countries and regions from 2017 to 2024 by constructing a multi-dimensional analytical framework of “theory-policy-technology-practice-public participation”，aiming at grasping the cutting-edge dynamics of the development of science popularization in the international arena. It is found that these developed countries and regions have the following distinctive features in the field of science popularization：theoretical inquiry shows a trend of paradigm change and synergy of subjects，policy making focuses on educational integration and differentiated response，technological development and application and cognitive reflection，practical path focuses on multi-dimensional expansion and continuous deepening，and public participation highlights equal interaction and multi-party linkage. Based on the current situation of science popularization in China，this paper proposes that China should build a multi-dimensional optimization path with its own characteristics.