Science popularization and scientific and technological innovation are the two wings for realizing innovative development. Given the country’s high attention to both in the context of national innovative development and the continuous advancement of innovation practices，the synergistic development of these two wings has gradually become a widely concerned topic. Policy guidance is an important guarantee for promoting the synergy between science popularization and scientific and technological innovation and serving innovative development. From the perspective of two-way empowerment，science popularization is the basic work for realizing innovative development，and it plays a promoting role in advancing scientific and technological innovation in aspects such as cultivating innovative culture and scientific thinking，and facilitating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. As a strategic support for improving social productivity，scientific and technological innovation drives the advancement of science popularization to higher levels and broader domains through innovative concepts，achievements，and technologies，playing an indispensable role.