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With the widespread application of artificial intelligence（AI），public understanding and attitudes toward AI have become key indicators of its social acceptance. Drawing on data from the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey，this study analyzes group differences in AI cognition and attitudes among Chinese citizens across four major social structural dimensions：educational attainment，occupational type，age cohort，and urban-rural background. The findings show that while Chinese citizens generally hold positive attitudes and exhibit a solid foundation of trust in AI，there are significant disparities among different groups in terms of cognitive level，usage frequency，confidence in AI development，and concerns about job displacement. Individuals with higher education levels and greater exposure to digital technologies tend to demonstrate more favorable cognition and attitudes toward AI. Younger cohorts display active cognition and open attitudes，whereas older adults are characterized by lagging cognition but optimistic expectations. Urban and rural residents also differ significantly in terms of baseline knowledge and anxiety about occupational risks. The study recommends promoting AI literacy among key populations，expanding vocational retraining programs，and improving risk governance mechanisms to ensure inclusive and equitable AI adoption through targeted public education.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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