Science popularization is a shared responsibility of the entire society. The revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology clearly outlines the development direction that integrates the public welfare nature of science popularization services with market-oriented approaches，providing legal support for forming a collaborative effort in science popularization among the government，society，and the market. This study，in light of the relevant provisions of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，examines the issue from two perspectives：market mechanisms and market failures. And the study comprehensively applies economic theories such as the“invisible hand，”transaction costs，public goods，and externalities，while drawing on practical experiences from both domestic and international science popularization efforts，to demonstrate the theoretical and practical logic behind promoting the joint efforts of the government，society，and the market in advancing the cause of science popularization. The paper then analyzes the prominent issues facing science popularization in China from four aspects：the government’s ability to supply public science popularization products and services，the involvement and participation of social forces in science popularization efforts，the marketization of science popularization，and institutional safeguards. Based on this analysis，targeted thoughts and recommendations are put forward to strengthen the“Big Science Popularization”framework. This study aims to provide research support for the implementation of he revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology and to accelerate the creation of a new collaborative framework for advancing science popularization involving the government，society，and the market.