The primary school science education curriculum is the key focus for hatching students’scientific spirit and innovative quality in the new era. Looking at the historical development process，the curriculum policy of primary school science education from the beginning of the 20th century to now has experienced five stages：germination and attempt，foundation and exploration，adjustment and restoration，deepening and promotion，innovation and optimization，and has realized four transformations: In terms of value orientation，it has realized the transformation and regression from“instrumental value”to“intrinsic value”；in terms of target orientation，it has realized the iterative update from“serving social construction”to“developing scientific literacy”；in terms of content selection，it has realized the continuous improvement from“popularizing knowledge”to“comprehensive curriculum”. In the evaluation implementation，it has realized the gradual linkage from“one-way”education to“diversified”education. In the future，the standardization and innovation of the curriculum policy of primary school science education should insist on strengthening the overall planning and guiding the policy direction with a high position；Change the concept and practice，with the core quality as the guide to strengthen the moral and cultivate people’s goals；Pay attention to depth and integration，and promote the optimization and improvement of comprehensive course content；Pay attention to process and value-added，broaden the evaluation method and resource matrix.