As one of the cores of scientific and technological innovation and cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, teenager scientific and cultural exchanges are of vital importance in promoting cultural integration and people-to-people exchanges of the countries along the Road. It could improve their scientific, cultural and educational cooperation level, and respond to the developing needs of international science education. This paper analyzes the diachronic development of the teenager scientific and cultural exchanges between China and the countries along the Belt and Road in the new era, clarifies the way it developed by diachronically sorting out the activities after the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper also summarizes successful experiences such as establishing a long-term mechanism to promote the innovation through informatization and demand-oriented cooperation mode. Under the background of the global changes and the epidemic, this paper suggests to strengthen the sharing and coordination of domestic and international resources in the future, also establish and improve the working system from the aspects of activities, platforms, working positions, personnel and mechanisms to serve the development of human community of shared future.