From the perspective of government and society, this paper analyzes the problems faced by the current government led science popularization investment structure. The problems the government faces are: (1) the imbalance inverstment between the central government and the local government on science popularization leads to great pressure on local finance; (2) the imbalance development among regions leads to the regional imbalance of science popularization investment; and (3) the investment is relatively scattered. The problem the society faces is the insufficient participation of enterprises, social organizations, scientific researchers and the public. The current situation of China’s social development as well as the long-term nature of science popularization and its characteristics of public welfare, provides feasibility of constructing a diversified and collaborative science popularization investment system. On this basis, considering the characteristics of each subject, this paper proposes a possible path to build a diversified collaborative science popularization investment system.