Scientific argumentation is an important part of the current development of science education. Enhancing teenagers’ scientific argumentation ability plays an important role in enhancing their scientific literacy. In order to improve teenagers’ ability of scientific argumentation, it is necessary to enhance their understanding of the basic structural elements of scientific argumentation, and purposely direct them to the ability to organize evidence and construct opinions by reasoning, identify weak points of scientific argumentation and reasonably refute them. The teaching strategies of cultivating teenagers’ scientific argumentation ability mainly include creating a good environment for scientific argumentation, elaborately designing the teaching content of scientific argumentation, reasonably using the teaching model of scientific argumentation, making effective use of the teaching support of scientific argumentation, and flexibly applying the evaluation criteria of scientific argumentation.