As the main body of service launched by the science popularization team in rural areas, it is also a key force for enhancing scientific literacy of peasant masses and an important link connecting agriculture technology promotion and agricultural production practice. In the new era, the trend for the development of modernization of agriculture, the application of science and technology industries, and the informatization of science popularization have put forward higher requirements on the comprehensive capabilities of rural science popularization personnel. This paper aims to fully understand the status of the construction of the current ranks of science popularization talents in rural areas, find out outstanding problems and their causes faced by it and better promote their own construction and sustainable development of science popularization ranks. Through methods of field observation, in-depth interview and comparative analysis, this paper carried out in-depth field work towards the rural science popularization in “four provinces and twelve cities” in China. The results of the survey show that: the construction of rural science popularization team is not enough, the content and form of science popularization find it difficult to adapt to the requirements of the new era, the echelon of science popularization talent ranks is under the pressure of “fault”, the management attribution of science popularization team is not clear, and the rural science popularization organization system is not perfect. In view of the afore-mentioned problems, the paper finally puts forward some suggestions, such as strengthening policy support for construction of popular science popularization in rural areas, transforming rural science popularization service forms, improving incentives for rural science popularization team, building a diversified management system of science popularization personnel, and perfecting science popularization system and grass-roots science and technology associations.