In order for the public scientific literacy improvement, innovative talent cultivation, and stable economic growth in the region, the promotion of scientific and technological popularization serves as an important policy in the field of science and technology education in China. This paper uses a number of statistic indicators (provincial funding for popular science, the popular science officer, science museums, popular science media, and popular science activities) on the scientific popularization service to study the regional difference of the relationship between science popularization service and economic development in China in 2010—2014. Firstly, the grey relation model is adopted to quantitatively calculate the relationship between science popularization service and economic development. Secondly, the spatial correlation analysis method is used to study inter provincial and provincial degree of spatial variability. It is found in the empirical study that there are significant regional differences in the correlation degree between provincial economic development. In addition, such correlation has a notable aggregation pattern when the spatial distribution of correlation degree is taken into account.