Icing on aircraft poses a serious threat to flight safety, and electric heating is an efficient method for anti-icing and de-icing. A three-dimensional mathematical model that considers water film flow and heat transfer for electric heating anti-icing was constructed. Additionally, a numerical calculation method for electric heating anti-icing was proposed. This method was applied to simulate the steady-state anti-icing process of the NACA0012 airfoil under continuous electric heating conditions. The accuracy of this calculation method was validated by comparison with existing experimental data and computational results. The results indicate that when the heating power is low, the water film flows out of the heated area and overflow ice forms downstream. Under the same inflow conditions, a higher heating power results in a higher anti-icing surface temperature and a smaller water film coverage area. Furthermore, the calculated anti-icing surface temperatures are within 5 ℃ error compared to experimental data, and for inflow temperatures no lower than 6.67 ℃, the error is less than 3 ℃.

Thermoplastic resin is the main film-forming material of hot-melt marking coating, and it can guarantee the mechanical properties and service life of hot-melt marking. By changing the type and content of the resin, the influence of the resin on the mechanical properties of the hot-melt marking coating series was studied. The results show that the resin type has little influence on compressive property and wear property but has a significant impact on adhesion property, shear property, and adhesion property. At the same time, with the increase of resin content, the compressive strength increased first and then decreased, and the wear property, adhesion property, shear property, and adhesion property showed an overall increase trend. When the resin type is C5 petroleum resin and the content is not less than 20%, the hot-melt marking line has excellent mechanical properties.

In the future, the characteristics of technology transformation and industrialization in the industrial field are long, and the risks are large, which puts forward new requirements for incubators and other business incubation carriers. Using field investigation, case analysis and other research methods, this paper sorted out the future technological innovation, future industrial growth mechanism and demand for incubation services, analyzed the current situation of incubation carrier construction and development, and the challenges faced by the supply of technological innovation and entrepreneurship services in the future. The research shows that the incubation vector is relatively insufficient in quality project screening and mining, innovation resource matching, professional service supply and other aspects. It is suggested to adjust and optimize from the aspects of promoting market-oriented operation, strengthening the recruitment of quality projects, and building professional service platforms.

In order to solve the problem of low accuracy and great lag in the inspection of hollow filter bar end face, a vision inspection system for hollow filter bar end face was studied based on machine vision technology. Using PLC to read the pulse signal on the encoder in real time, the industrial array camera was triggered to collect the image of the end face of the hollow filter bar. Image optimization technology was used to process the image of the filter bar end face to ensure the image quality. The dimension and roundness of the end face of the hollow filter rod were measured by using the least square method. Through the method of template matching difference, whether there are defects in the end face of the hollow filter rod is detected, and the alarm is displayed on the man-machine interface. The test results show that the system can detect the dimensions, roundness and defects of the end face of the hollow filter rod in real time, and the detection accuracy can reach 99% at different speeds, which lays the foundation for automatic visual inspection of the filter rod and improves the qualified rate of the product.

Addressing the issue of large rock block detachment during TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) construction in unfavorable geological conditions at a metal mine in Jiangxi Province, China, the horizontal thrust force of the gripper shoes was systematically analyzed for the first time to reveal its mechanism of inducing tensile failure in surrounding rock, based on the PLAXIS 3D finite element simulation platform and field observations. An optimized support scheme combining “pre-grouting reinforcement and rock bolt-mesh-shotcrete support” was proposed. The study reveales that during TBM construction in Class V rock mass conditions, tensile failure zones developes on the tunnel roof and progressively expandes as the TBM advanced, leading to roof collapse phenomena observed in the project. The support optimization analysis compared three scenarios, such as no support, “rock bolt+mesh+shotcrete” (referred to as bolt-mesh-shotcrete support), and “pre-grouting reinforcement+bolt-mesh-shotcrete support.” Results show that the pre-grouting reinforcement scheme significantly enhances the stability of the surrounding rock, reducing the maximum roof deformation by 21.83% and the final deformation by 36.72%. While bolt-mesh-shotcrete support alone has limited effectiveness, it effectively restraines further deformation of the surrounding rock and prevents the detachment of loose rock masses. It is recommended that in similar TBM tunnel construction scenarios in metal mines encountering unfavorable geological conditions, the combined use of pre-grouting reinforcement and bolt-mesh-shotcrete support should be adopted to improve construction safety and efficiency.

Regarding th special seismic response characteristics exhibited by super long-span bridge, a long-span continuous rigid-frame bridge was focused on as the research subject. A three-dimensional finite element model was established, and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was performed to systematically investigate the dynamic response characteristics under bi-directional and tri-directional seismic excitations. The results indicate that under bi-directional seismic excitation, the main pier exhibits a 43% probability of slight damage at PGA=0.4g. After incorporating vertical seismic excitation, the main pier shows a 22% probability of slight damage at PGA=0.2g, with the exceedance probability of complete damage state increasing by approximately 25%. Regarding the bearing system, the introduction of vertical seismic excitation significantly accelerates the damage progression rate, reaching a 100% probability of slight damage at PGA=0.4g.

The utilization of photovoltaic power generation represents a pivotal strategy for the transition of traditional energy systems towards decarbonization, and is of paramount importance in achieving global climate goals. A social network analysis was employed to examine the evolutionary characteristics of the global PV power generation trade network, based on the trade data of global photovoltaic devices from 2012 to 2021. The analysis aims to elucidate the basic situation and development trend of this network. It was found that during the period from 2012 to 2021, the global PV power generation trade network underwent substantial development and expansion, with trade links between countries becoming increasingly close. The trade network is distinguished by high aggregation and short path lengths, exhibiting pronounced “small-world” characteristics. The nodes of the global PV power generation trade network exhibit a stable “core-edge” structure. Concurrently, China’s central position is becoming increasingly evident, and its pivotal role in the global PV power generation trade network is intensifying. This has positioned China as a pivotal force in the advancement of trade in this field, with the center of gravity of trade activities demonstrating a tendency towards an eastward ascendance and a westward decline.

ESG ratings from Bloomberg(2006—2022), Huazheng(2009—2023) and China’s listed companies as samples were used. Correlations of ESG scores, ESG in different industries, and heterogeneity analysis of ESG was explored. Empirical results show that Environment(E), Social(S) and Governance(G) affect ESG scores significantly, with G having the greatest impact, followed by E and then S. ESG performance varies across industries. The finance-insurance sector is good at environment but weak in social aspects. The accommodation industry improves ESG ranking through social efforts. The agriculture and forestry service industry has an imbalance in governance and social development. ESG strategy advice are given for the government and companies.

Railway transportation safety provides guarantees for ensuring the safety of passengers’ lives and property and the smooth transportation of goods. The current status and future directions of railway transportation safety were studied in China through two bibliometric analysis methods. The results show that railway transportation safety research can be divided into passive constraint stage, active constraint stage and active management improvement stage. The research focuses on the safety operation protection system, grassroots station safety management, prediction and evaluation of transportation safety accidents, and factors affecting transportation safety accidents. The future of railway transportation safety should focus on the integration of information technology for safety management, intelligent technology for train operation safety, and dynamic monitoring of the external environment of railways.

As the difficulty of financing for manufacturing enterprises in the capital market becomes increasingly prominent, improving the quality of information disclosure and enhancing institutional investors’ confidence have become crucial issues in corporate financing strategies. Based on data from Chinese manufacturing listed companies from 2013 to 2022, the impact of the quality of Management Discussion and Analysis(MD&A) on institutional investment intentions and the mediating role of internal control in this relationship were examined. The results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between the quality of MD&A and institutional investment intentions, with internal control quality playing a partial mediating role. High-quality MD&A improves the transparency and credibility of a company’s information disclosure, thereby enhancing institutional investors’ confidence. Effective internal control further ensures the accuracy and completeness of the information disclosed, boosting institutional investors’ confidence and willingness to invest. Additionally, non-state-owned enterprises disclose higher-quality MD&A than state-owned enterprises, with institutional investors particularly focusing on transparency and information quality. This research provides important theoretical foundations and practical guidance for manufacturing enterprises to improve financing efficiency and strengthen the management of non-financial information disclosure.