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Icing on aircraft poses a serious threat to flight safety, and electric heating is an efficient method for anti-icing and de-icing. A three-dimensional mathematical model that considers water film flow and heat transfer for electric heating anti-icing was constructed. Additionally, a numerical calculation method for electric heating anti-icing was proposed. This method was applied to simulate the steady-state anti-icing process of the NACA0012 airfoil under continuous electric heating conditions. The accuracy of this calculation method was validated by comparison with existing experimental data and computational results. The results indicate that when the heating power is low, the water film flows out of the heated area and overflow ice forms downstream. Under the same inflow conditions, a higher heating power results in a higher anti-icing surface temperature and a smaller water film coverage area. Furthermore, the calculated anti-icing surface temperatures are within 5 ℃ error compared to experimental data, and for inflow temperatures no lower than 6.67 ℃, the error is less than 3 ℃.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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