Based on panel data from 30 provinces(due to the lack of data, the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Tibet Region, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province) in China from 2013 to 2022, a new quality productivity system was constructed and a two-way fixed-effects model was used to examine the impact of new quality productivity on regional coordinated development, as well as to test the mediating role of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that new quality productivity significantly promotes regional coordinated development, with noticeable regional heterogeneity. Industrial structure upgrading plays a mediating role in the process of new quality productivity affecting regional coordinated development. Based on this, corresponding policy recommendations are proposed to promote the development of new quality productivity, reduce regional economic disparities, and achieve regional coordinated development.