The analysis of the change of rural residential land use and rural permanent resident population is helpful to better understand the relationship between rural people and land. The county area of Guangdong Province was selected as the research unit, based on the annual change data of land use and the third national land survey data, the dynamic coupling and decoupling model were used to analyze the rural residential land and permanent resident population. The results show that the coupling types of the rural resident population and rural settlements in Guangdong province are mainly negative and high level coupling types, and the coupling characteristics are obvious. The negative coupling area is located in the Pearl River Delta and northern Guangdong, and the high level coupling areas are mainly distributed in western Guangdong. The decoupling type is mainly strong negative decoupling and expansionary, which are distributed in northern Guangdong and western Guangdong respectively, which shows that the western Guangdong region has great development potential. The conclusion of the study shows that the change characteristics and coupling of rural residential land and permanent resident population is a direct reflection of the relationship between rural people and land, and the research results can provide reference for the reform of rural land system and the development of rural industry.