Since 2021, China has opened its three-child policy, and the relevant supporting measures to support fertility have been continuously improved at the national and local levels. However, the number of newborns and the birth rate have not met expectations. Based on the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS) data, the unordered multiple classification Logistic regression model was used to explore the impact of the number of children on the labor force participation of reproductive women.The results show that the increase in the number of children will reduce the participation level of reproductive women in non-agricultural labor and increase the probability of non-participation in work. In addition, women’s age, education level, spouse’s labor participation status, spouse’s annual income, family residence, whether they live with their spouse, and family annual income all affect the labor participation status of women of childbearing age.