With the rapid development of the digital economy, optimizing the digital business environment has become a key approach for countries to enhance their economic competitiveness. The roles and interaction mechanisms between the government, enterprises, and financial institutions in this process still require in-depth exploration. Based on the context of digital transformation, the triparte evolutionary game between the government, enterprises and financial institutions in the optimization of the digital business environment was investigated. Through literature analysis, the interactions and strategy choices of each actor in the digitalization process were examined, and a triparte evolutionary game model was constructed. The dynamic evolutionary paths of the actors under different strategy combinations were simulated using replicator dynamic equations, and the model’s validity was verified through numerical simulations using Matlab. The results indicate that government policy support, enterprise digital transformation and financial institutions’ financing services are closely linked in the process of optimizing the business environment. The synergy between the three can effectively enhance the overall level of the digital business environment. Theoretical foundations and practical references are provided for promoting the development of the digital economy and optimizing the business environment.