Aiming at the problem of profit distribution in a double closed-loop supply chain with manufacturers(M), recyclers(R) and ladder utilizers(T) as the main body, centralized decision-making, decentralized decision-making, MR decision-making and RT decision-making models were constructed. The optimal solutions for the supply chain members through the Stackelberg game were analyzed. The Shapley value was improved based on the three influencing factors, and the improved Shapley value was utilized to redistribute the profits of the supply chain’s participating bodies.The results show that the cooperation among supply chain members can effectively improve the overall profit of the supply chain and the profit of the members, low-capacity batteries have a high cost advantage, realizing a win-win situation in terms of profit and the environment, the profit distribution scheme proposed by improving the Shapley value increases the profit of the ladder utilizers, improves the cooperation of the ladder utilizers and the ladder utilizing motivation, and promotes the fairness of profit distribution in the supply chain and the stability of the supply chain cooperative alliance. It promotes the fairness of supply chain profit distribution and the stability of supply chain cooperative alliance.