As one of the most important economic, financial, and trade centers in China, Shanghai’s air transportation system plays a crucial role in promoting regional economic development. As the dual airport pattern of Pudong International Airport and Hongqiao International Airport gradually takes shape, how to achieve efficient and coordinated development of these two airports has become an important research topic. Therefore, the interactive mechanism between Shanghai’s dual airports and regional economy was explored based on system dynamics, the promoting effect of coordinated development of dual airports on regional economy was analyzed. Relevant policy recommendations are proposed. Selecting relevant data from 2012 to 2022,Vensim PLE software was used to establish a system dynamics model for empirical analysis, in order to explore the coordinated development path of Shanghai’s dual airports. Through model simulation analysis, the economic system model of Shanghai’s dual airports is optimized, and policy recommendations are obtained to improve the synergy effect of Shanghai’s dual airports.