High energy-consuming industries serve is a critical pillar of the national economy. Meanwhile, it is a primary source of energy consumption and environmental impact. Resource conservation and environmental protection have always been pivotal topics throughout China’s economic development process, playing a crucial role in advancing the sustainable development of Inner Mongolia’s energy bases. A theoretical framework for ecological efficiency within high energy-consuming industries in Inner Mongolia was constructed, and an ecological efficiency indicator system was established, in order to lay the groundwork for the transformation and development of Inner Mongolia’s high energy-consuming industries. The goal is to guide these industries toward more efficient resource utilization and environmentally friendly operations, thereby fostering a harmonious coexistence among the economy, society, and the environment in Inner Mongolia, and achieving sustainable development objectives.