With the development of economic level, the agricultural industrial structure is also constantly adjusted. Based on the time series data of Guizhou Province from 1988 to 2022, the function of agricultural output value was constructed, and the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model were used to analyze the correlation of planting industry, forestry industry, animal husbandry industry and fishery industry in the total value of agricultural industry in Guizhou Province. The empirical results show that planting and animal husbandry are the main driving forces of the total agricultural output value in Guizhou province, while forestry and fishery have little influence. It is suggested to focus on optimizing the development strategy of planting and animal husbandry, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices and ecological breeding modes, adjusting forestry development strategy, balancing short-term economic benefits and long-term ecological benefits, developing understory economy. The fishery industry should develop steadily and promote fine breeding and ecological breeding technology. At the same time, all industries should strengthen industrial coordination and the government should formulate differentiated policy support to give full play to the advantages of all industries, improve production efficiency and promote the sustainable and stable growth of the total agricultural output value.