Agricultural high-quality development (AHQ) is an urgent need for the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization today.Benchmark regression and spatial Durbin models were employed to investigate the effects of the coupling degrees of three sets of binary and ternary relationships-formed by ASTR allocation, AST innovation, and AHQ-on AHQ across each province from 2010 to 2020.The findings indicate that, overall, the coupling development among these systems plays a significant role in promoting AHQ. Specifically, the coupling degrees of both the binary and ternary systems markedly boost AHQ. However, when analyzed regionally, the degree of system coupling development exerts varying impacts on AHQ across the four major economic regions. Spatial econometric regression results further reveal that the coefficients for the impact of system coupling on AHQ, along with the spatial lag coefficients, are positive. This implies that the synchronized development of these systems not only positively affects local AHQ but also catalyzes AHQ improvements in neighboring regions. Therefore, this study suggests fully leveraging the unique strengths of each region in the integration of science, technology, and the economy, accelerating new quality agricultural productivity, capitalizing on the spatial spillover effects of system interactions on AHQ in adjacent areas, intensifying supply-side structural reforms in the agricultural science and technology sector, and enhancing the efficiency of ASTR allocation.