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Porcelain insulators are critical components of transmission lines, and their defects will directly threaten the safe and stable operation of power systems. Taking XP-160 porcelain insulators as the research object, we proposed a numerical simulation method for microwave detection of porcelain insulator defects. The variation patterns of the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient under crack and metal inclusion defects were analyzed and compared, the optimal detection method and detection frequency were obtained, and the detection mechanism was analyzed. The results show that at a frequency of 20 GHz, the microwave reflection method with the antenna placed horizontally achieves the best detection performance for both types of defects, and defect orientation can be identified through rotational detection. Internal defects cause changes in the nearby electromagnetic field distribution, which in turn leads to variations in the characteristic parameters.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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