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The ageing problem of insulating oil under long-term electrical-thermal combined stress seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of oil-immersed transformers. In view of the transformer faults caused by the ageing of insulating oil, it is urgent to research the ageing characteristics, mechanism, and diagnostic methods of insulating oil. Therefore, the development status and key technologies in the electrical thermal ageing characteristics and diagnostic methods of mineral insulating oil and vegetable insulating oil were reviewed. This paper first summarized the physical and chemical properties of mineral oil and vegetable oil for transformers, and their high temperature performance, biodegradability, acid value, and electric strength were compared. Then the two basic forms of electrical and thermal ageing and their products for insulating oil were reviewed. On this basis, the influence of metal materials such as copper on the ageing of oil was emphasized. Finally, the commonly used ageing diagnostic methods of insulating oil were described. The multi-dimensional fusion characterization of feature parameters from different detection methods is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy, which has a good engineering application prospect.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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