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The ageing characteristics of composite insulators are often obtained by the accelerated ageing test at laboratory, but this method is difficult to simulate the actual complex environment, and the equivalence between accelerated ageing and natural ageing need further verification. In view of this, we selected 153 composite insulators in operation with different operating years and operation environments in Ningxia area to conduct multiple tests, and studied their natural ageing characteristics from three aspects, including the physical and chemical properties of silicone rubber material, the electrical properties and mechanical properties of insulator. The results show that the operating years, pollution degree, and pollution composition are the main factors affecting the ageing of silicone rubber material, and the chemical pollution can accelerate the ageing of materials. Under the same operating years, the ageing degrees of electrical and mechanical properties of insulator are lower than that of the electrical and mechanical properties of silicone rubber material. The mandrel of insulators operating for more than 15 years in heavy pollution areas can still maintain good performance. The junctions of mandrel and sheath, mandrel and hardware are the weak points of the electrical and mechanical properties of insulator, respectively. The manufacturer formulation and process are the important factors affecting the natural ageing, and there will be agglomeration performance degradation in low-quality batches. In the operation and maintenance sampling inspection of composite insulators, it is necessary to pay attention to the insulators with long service life in the heavy pollution area or chemical pollution area, and the composite insulators in operation with performance aggregation degradation from the same manufacturer batch need to conduct supplementary sampling inspection.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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