The EVA material was modified by electron beam melting irradiation, and the effects of different irradiation does on gel content, mechanical properties, volume resistivity, dielectric properties, breakdown characteristics and molecular structure of EVA samples were studied. The results show that the gel content of EVA sample first increases and then decreases with the increase of irradiation dose. When the irradiation dose is 100 kGy, the gel content reaches 95.7%. Irradiation can reduce the elongation at break of EVA samples, while the tensile strength first increases and then decreases with the increase of irradiation dose. After irradiation, the insulating properties of EVA samples improve to varying degrees, with the increase of irradiation dose, the volume resistivity first increases and then decreases, the dielectric constant first decreases and then increases, and the electric strength first increases and then decreases.