Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, an industrial network incorporating the digital economy sector was constructed based on China's input-output tables from 2005 to 2023. The efficiency-redundancy framework from ecological network analysis was introduced to measure industrial network resilience, and the resilience indicators were embedded into a temporal exponential random graph model to systematically investigate the evolutionary patterns and formation mechanisms of China's digital economy input-output network resilience. The findings reveal the following. Firstly, China's industrial network has remained in a state of excessive redundancy, with resilience exhibiting a fluctuating upward trend. The concentration of inter-node flows serves as the core driver of resilience fluctuations, and the dominant factor influencing resilience shifted from efficiency change to redundancy change around 2020. Secondly, network evolution exhibits significant path dependence and structural rigidity. Transitive closure facilitates the transformation of indirect linkages, and the contribution of redundant inflows is significantly positive, indicating that industries with diversified upstream supply are more likely to establish connections, whereas efficiency-related variables are not significant. Thirdly, the digital economy sector assumes a dual role. In terms of resilience, its influence has evolved from being dominated by digital industrialization (2005—2012) to being led by industrial digitization (2012—2020). In terms of evolutionary mechanisms, the two sub-sectors exhibit asymmetric effects on link formation, primarily manifested in the optimization and substitution of existing linkages. Thus, a novel analytical framework and empirical evidence are provided for understanding the resilience characteristics and evolutionary logic of industrial networks in the digital economy era. Moreover, theoretical insights and decision-making references are offered for balancing efficiency and security and promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy within the new development paradigm.