As the backbone of advanced manufacturing, machine tools face growing data security risks due to secondary damage caused by the amplification of network threats. These challenges demand a responsible approach to technological innovation. Based on the theory of responsible innovation, an evolutionary game model involving machine tool manufacturers, client enterprises and the government was constructed, exploring the dynamic evolution of multi-stakeholder collaboration in mitigating data leakage risks. The findings reveal that under the risk amplification effect, client enterprises' responsible innovation behaviors are significantly positively influenced by perceived secondary risks, while manufacturers' responsible innovation is driven by the dual forces of "market-driven pressures" and "policy-induced incentives". Government regulation follows "market self-regulation substitution". Simulation results further indicate that the scale of risk losses significantly impacts the convergence speed of the main strategy. When economic reputation losses or secondary damage losses exceed critical thresholds, responsible innovation behavior rapidly becomes endogenous and dominates system evolution. It provides theoretical insights and practical strategies for improving data security governance in machine tools and contributes to the broader discourse on responsible innovation in intelligent manufacturing.