To uncover the "black box" of the complex process through which enterprises evolve from achieving a single breakthrough innovation to successfully constructing an innovation ecosystem, thereby realizing multiple breakthrough innovations, a longitudinal single-case analysis focusing on DJI Innovations, a high-tech enterprise was conducted. The mechanisms underlying the construction of an innovation ecosystem driven by breakthrough innovations was explored. The findings reveal three key insights. First, high-tech enterprises' drive to construct an innovation ecosystem through breakthrough innovations follows a spiral iterative pattern "technology-oriented breakthrough innovation → commensalistic innovation ecosystem → market-oriented breakthrough innovation → parasitic symbiotic innovation ecosystem → value-oriented breakthrough innovation→mutualistic symbiotic innovation ecosystem." Second, a firm's core capabilities serve as a crucial bridge linking breakthrough innovations and the innovation ecosystem, while the spillover effects stemming from these breakthroughs constitute the underlying logic that elucidates the relationship between the two. Third, technological leadership and diffusion are prerequisites and key factors in the formation of core enterprises within an innovation ecosystem. It enriches the theoretical research of enterprise innovation ecosystem from the perspective of the relationship between enterprise breakthrough innovation and innovation ecosystem, puts forward the possibility of high-tech enterprises to achieve multiple breakthrough innovations, and provides ideas for high-tech enterprises to lead from technology to innovation system.