Digital transformation serves as a key driver of competitive advantage and plays a vital role in advancing green and high-quality development. Based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, a meta-analysis of 41 empirical studies (covering 68602 independent samples and 41 effect sizes) was conducted to investigate the relationship between digital transformation and corporate green innovation, focusing on the technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions. The moderating role of various contextual factors were then examined. The findings reveal digital transformation is strongly correlated with corporate green innovation. The influence of digital transformation on green innovation is not significant in different industry. Each dimension (technology, organization, and environment) exerts a significant positive influence on green innovation. Notably, digital transformation's impact on green innovation is more pronounced within firms rooted in Western cultural contexts. The relationship is stronger when digital transformation is assessed using subjective measures. Higher levels of green orientation heighten the efficacy of digital transformation in driving green innovation. It augments and refines existing literature, offering valuable insights for future vertical and contextual inquiries. Furthermore, it furnishes managerial foundations for advancing green innovation within enterprises amid the era of digital transformation.