Academic entrepreneurship spans two different environments, academic and industrial. Therefore, academic entrepreneurs often shoulder the roles of scholars and entrepreneurs. Their social capital and perception of role conflicts will have a certain impact on the entrepreneurial process. Based on the theory of resource conservation, the expansion strengthening hypothesis, and the resource-based theory, a model was constructed to integrate the perception of role conflicts among academic entrepreneurs and the inertia of social capital on the acquisition of entrepreneurial resources and entrepreneurial performance. The moderating role of enterprise participation in this process was explored in depth. Based on the empirical data of 394 academic entrepreneurs, and using multiple regression analysis methods to conduct empirical testing, the results indicate that role conflict perception has a significant positive impact on resource acquisition and entrepreneurial performance. Social capital inertia has a significant negative impact on resource acquisition. Meanwhile, resource acquisition has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial performance, and scholars' level of corporate participation positively moderates the relationship between role conflict perception and entrepreneurial performance. The above research results enrich the relevant research on the dual role of academic entrepreneurs from a subjective perception perspective, and also provide practical guidance for scholars who have entrepreneurial ideas or are already in the entrepreneurial process.