The key to achieving common prosperity for all lies in the common prosperity of farmers, and digital rural construction is an important channel to achieve common prosperity for farmers. Based on panel data from 30 provinces (Due to the lack of data, the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province.) in China from 2012 to 2022, it innovatively incorporates digital rural construction, migrant workers returning to their hometowns for entrepreneurship, and common prosperity among farmers into the same development framework to empirically test the relationship between the three. The research results show that the construction of digital rural areas helps to promote the return of migrant workers to their hometowns for entrepreneurship and the common prosperity of farmers. The construction of digital rural areas has a positive impact on the common prosperity of farmers through the return of migrant workers to their hometowns for entrepreneurship, and this conclusion has a certain degree of robustness. The promotion effect of digital rural construction has heterogeneity in education level and agricultural labor productivity, specifically manifested as a stronger promotion effect on lower and middle education levels, as well as common prosperity with farmers in areas with low agricultural labor productivity. Based on the research findings, it proposes key directions for promoting common prosperity among farmers by comprehensively accelerating the construction of digital rural areas, taking multiple measures to promote the return of migrant workers to their hometowns for entrepreneurship and employment, and promoting regional coordinated development according to local conditions.