Under the background of the dual carbon goals, it is of strategic significance for enterprises to practiceESGconcepts and improveESGperformance for national green development goals. Anchoring on the imprinting theory, the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in China from 2012 to 2022 was taken as a research sample, and the impact of party member CEOs on the performance ofESGresponsibilities was discussed. The results show that party member CEOs significantly promote theESGimplementation. Party organizations have a positive moderate effect on the performance of Party member CEOs andESGresponsibilities through political and cognitive embeddedness. Under the coercive institutional pressure, normative institutional pressure and mimetic institutional pressure, party member CEOs are more willing to promoteESGresponsibility performance, and this promotion in the companies with a high degree of embeddedness of party organizations is more significant. Mechanism analysis indicates that party member CEOs play an indirect role in theESGimplementation through information disclosure channels; Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the improvement is more significant in state-owned and low-carbon enterprises. Further analysis reveals that party member CEOs have improved the high-quality development level of enterprises by promotingESGimplementation, in both state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises, party member CEOs have significantly promoted the high-quality development of enterprises. It enriches the research on the effectiveness of party member CEOs participating in corporate governance, and provides reference for improving corporateESGperformance and helping enterprises in green transformation, provides new evidence for the high-quality party building to lead and drive the high-quality development of enterprises.