New energy vehicle industry is an important strategic emerging industry for cultivating national new quality productive forces. Based on patent application data from 2013 to 2022 of the three enterprises (BYD, GEELY and WULING), Lotka-Volterra population competition model was constructed to explore out their coopetition relation mode and evolving trends. Main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, coopetition relation has been an important driving factor to stimulate technological innovation evolution. Secondly, their coopetition model shows great heterogeneity among the three leading enterprises. At current stage, "BYD + GEELY” “WULING + GEELY" show such mutually promoting type. Meanwhile, " BYD +WULING" show the competition-cooperation type. Thirdly, in accordance with simulation results, innovation outputs of enterprises vary with coopetition relation coefficient changes. Innovation output effect of new vehicle industry is positive when the coopetition intensity of mutually-prompting type grows. The positive innovation effect from "WULING + GEELY" coopetition intensity growth is more than that from the other one. Therefore, cultivating orderly competition and coordinated cooperation mode mechanism, especially most potential competition types, should be paid more focus on realizing its high-quality innovation outputs and supporting its new-quality productivity formation for the new energy vehicle industry of China.