Talent governance is the cornerstone of local governance modernization. However, some regions excessively prioritize talent competition in reality, exacerbating the issue of governance fragmentation. A single-case study of talent governance practices in S Province was conducted from the theoretical perspectives of holistic governance and performance management to explore how local governments address governance fragmentation through the integration of policy tools and governance mechanisms, thereby responding effectively to the dual logic of talent governance: enhancing external competitiveness and optimizing internal resource allocation. The findings indicate that the talent governance system in S Province achieves structural coordination, functional integration and external collaboration through top-level design, while its implementation is energized by a performance evaluation mechanism centered on goal accountability. Grounded in the case analysis, the practical pathways and intrinsic mechanisms of the talent governance system in S Province are deeply analyzed, and a practical framework for local talent governance under the dual-logic perspective is developed, which provide some reference for advancing the modernization of local talent governance.