To observe the effect of ginkgo biloba extract on myocardial apoptosis after myocardial infarction and its influence on the expression of signaling pathway proteins by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Thirty-five SD rats were selected as the experimental subjects and divided into the blank control group, the model group, the captopril group, and the low-dose and high-dose groups of ginkgo biloba extract. After 24 hours of modeling, continuous intervention was performed for 6 weeks. Cardiac function indicators of rats were detected, and pathological changes of rat myocardial tissue were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum CK-MB, cTnT levels, and collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ levels in myocardial tissue. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt5a, and cleaved caspase-3 in rat myocardial tissue. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of β-catenin and MMP-9.

Compared with the blank control group, the levels of LVESD and LVEDD in the model group rats were increased, while the levels of LVEF and LVFS were decreased. The expression levels of serum CK-MB, cTnT, and collagen I and collagen III in myocardial tissue were increased. The mRNA expression of β-catenin and MMP-9 mRNA in myocardial tissue was increased. and the protein expression of β-catenin, Wnt5a, and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins was also increased. Compared with the model group, the treatment groups showed decreased levels of LVESD and LVEDD, and increased levels of LVEF and LVFS. The serum indicators and collagen content of rats in each treatment group were reduced. The expression of β-catenin and MMP-9 mRNA in myocardial tissue was reduced. And the expression of β-catenin, Wnt5a, and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were significantly reduced. Compared with the captopril group, the low-dose ginkgo biloba extract group showed improved cardiac function indicators, and the high-dose group exhibited more significant improvement than the low-dose group. The serum indicators and collagen content in both low-dose and high-dose ginkgo biloba extract groups were decreased. The mRNA expression was decreased in the low-dose group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the high-dose group cmRNA expression in the high-dose group. The protein expression levels in both low-dose and high-dose groups were increased compared with the captopril group.

Ginkgo biloba extract improves myocardial injury in rats with myocardial infarction by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, improving cardiac function related indicators, reducing the degree of myocardial injury, and ultimately improving rat cardiac function.