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Mr. Hui Chen is a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Geotechnical Engineering at Tongji University, China. He obtained his bachelor's degree in Collage of Transportation from Wuhan University of Technology, China, his Master's degree in Collage of Civil Engineering from Central South University, China. His research interests include: (1) analytical and numerical methods for soil-tunnel interaction; (2) tunnel risk assessment; and (3) machine learning in geotechnical engineering. He is familiar with MATLAB, FLAC3D and Python. He specializes in lifecycle resilience assessment of tunnel engineering under soil-water coupling uncertainty, focusing on probabilistic modeling of geotechnical variability and multihazard performance evaluation.
Dr. Dongming Zhang is a professor at Tongji University, China. He currently serves as the Deputy Director of Department of Geotechnical Engineering at Tongji University, and the Director of the Infrastructure Resilience Research Division at the Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief. His research interest focuses on the evolution and control of tunnel structural safety performance under uncertainty. In this field, he holds several prominent academic positions, including Founding Secretary-General of TC309 (Technical Committee on Machine Learning and Big Data) of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), Secretary-General of the Ministry of Science and Technology Innovation Team on Underground Infrastructure Safety and Risk, Deputy Secretary-General and Chair of the Youth Committee of the Engineering Risk and Insurance Research Branch of the China Civil Engineering Society (CCES), Member of the Council and Deputy Chair of the Youth Committee of the CCES Tunnel and Underground Works Branch.
Outline
Traditional active earth pressure evaluations considering seepage are typically deterministic, assuming uniform soil layers. However, soil hydraulic properties exhibit the obvious spatial variability due to geomorphological processes or poor construction control. To address this, the random limit analysis method (RLAM) is employed to investigate the influence of spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity on active earth pressure. To combine random field simulations with the limit analysis-based evaluation method, this study discretizes the conventional three-dimensional (3D) rotational failure mechanism. Owing to the energy dissipation principle, the explicit expression of 3D active earth pressures can be derived. The proposed method's validity is demonstrated through comparisons with available analytical solutions, deterministic numerical calculations, and random finite difference method (RFDM). RLAM integrating with Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) in MATLAB, facilitates the probabilistic analysis of the active earth pressure to be evaluated. The findings indicate that the present method not only incorporates the spatial variability of hydraulic properties, but also enhances the computational efficiency of calculating active earth pressures compared to the RFDM. Based on extensive uncertainty analyses, this study proposes a system reliability evaluation method for semi-gravity retaining walls, accounting for the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results reveal that under different random field design scenarios, all decay curves of system failure probabilities for a semi-gravity retaining wall intersect within a specific range, referred to herein as the "turning region". Furthermore, as the normalized horizontal autocorrelation distance, anisotropic ratio and coefficient of variation increase, the effective influence zone of the wall design index on system failure probability gradually expands, offering valuable guidance for the design and construction of semi-gravity retaining walls.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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