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Zizhuo Ma received her BSc degree in exploration technology and engineering from Jilin University and her PhD degree in solid geophysics from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is currently working at the Geophysical Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute. Her research interests include multiphysics monitoring and analysis of hydraulic fracture propagation processes, rock elastic properties measurement and modeling.
Outline
During unconventional energy extraction, substantial volumes of fluid are injected into low-permeability reservoirs to facilitate hydraulic fracturing, creating an extensive network of fractures that enhance fluid mobility. However, such large-scale fluid injection can lead to the initiation and propagation of fractures, potentially triggering detectable seismic events that pose risks to human life and infrastructure. To better understand these processes, in situ dynamic scanning imaging of hydraulic fracture propagation and water-rock interactions in tight sandstones has been conducted using X-ray computed tomography (CT). Our experimental findings reveal that fluid infiltration weakens rock strength, thereby promoting rock failure. Under the influence of fluid injection, microfractures undergo a continuous cycle of generation, expansion, and coalescence, ultimately forming interconnected hydrological pathways. These pathways are critical for the sustained propagation of fractures within the rock. CT imaging highlights a positive feedback loop between fracture growth and the enhancement of fluid diffusion. Notably, the rock at the dry-wet interface of the fluid front is particularly susceptible to fracturing. Additionally, the rates of fracturing vary among different fractures and tend to progressively decrease as the fractures extend deeper into the rock.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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