Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) exhibit ultra-high melting points and relatively high mechanical performance, making them ideal coating materials for extreme environment applications like hypersonic vehicles. Recently, novel design strategies of UHTCs coatings have been proposed, mainly including the composition and structural design. In this article, state-of-the-art approaches including multilayer and gradient UHTC coatings for enhanced mechanical and ablation resistance, surface engineering for the improvement of coating adhesion, materials and microstructural design for thermal insulation, laser ablation protection, and drag reduction were reviewed. Furthermore, advanced designing and fabrication techniques for UHTC coatings are also prospected, which can provide insights for the development of next-generation multi-functional UHTC coatings for harsh conditions.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |