Synergistic effect of tri-doping with Mn, Ge, and Bi and thermoelectric enhancement of SnTe induced by grain boundary engineering and nanostructuring

Synergistic effect of tri-doping with Mn, Ge, and Bi and thermoelectric enhancement of SnTe induced by grain boundary engineering and nanostructuring

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Donghyun Shin^a^,^b^,^c, U. Sandhya Shenoy^d, Hyejeong Choi^a^,^c, Joseph Ngugi Kahiu^a^,^b, Eun-Ji Meang^a^,^e, Kwi-Il Park^a^,^b^,^c, Kwan-Ho Park^e, D. Krishna Bhat^f, Ho Seong Lee^a^,^b^,^c^,^*

Journal of Materiomics | 2026, 12(2) : 101119

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Journal of Materiomics | 2026, 12(2): 101119

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Synergistic effect of tri-doping with Mn, Ge, and Bi and thermoelectric enhancement of SnTe induced by grain boundary engineering and nanostructuring

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Donghyun Shin^a^,^b^,^c, U. Sandhya Shenoy^d, Hyejeong Choi^a^,^c, Joseph Ngugi Kahiu^a^,^b, Eun-Ji Meang^a^,^e, Kwi-Il Park^a^,^b^,^c, Kwan-Ho Park^e, D. Krishna Bhat^f, Ho Seong Lee^a^,^b^,^c^,^*

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

^bResearch Institute of Automotive Parts and Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

^cInnovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

^dDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Srinivas University, Mukka, 574146, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

^eDepartment of Thermoelectric Power Generation, DAEYANG Co., Ltd., C-dong, 34 SeongSeo-ro 71-gil, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42703, Republic of Korea

^fNational Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Srinivasnagar, 575025, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Published: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.1016/j.jmat.2025.101119

Outline

Abstract

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In this study, we propose grain boundary engineering and nanostructuring to enhance the thermo-electric performance of SnTe through tri-doping with Mn, Ge, and Bi. The synergistic effects on the band structure were analyzed through DFT calculations and validated through a series of doping experiments with each dopant. The nonstoichiometrically tri-doped sample exhibits a unique microstructure, characterized by Mn-Ge precipitates along the grain boundaries and coherently embedded nanostructures within the matrix. These microstructural features, combined with the effects of each dopant, synergistically enhanced the thermoelectric properties, yielding a maximum zT of 1.32 at 873 K. The thermoelectric generator exhibited a maximum output power of 661 μW at ΔT = 485 K, confirming its viability for mid-temperature thermoelectric applications.

Key words

Grain boundary engineering / Nano structuring / Tri-doping / Thermoelectric materials / SnTe

Cite this Article

Donghyun Shin, U. Sandhya Shenoy, Hyejeong Choi, Joseph Ngugi Kahiu, Eun-Ji Meang, Kwi-Il Park, Kwan-Ho Park, D. Krishna Bhat, Ho Seong Lee. Synergistic effect of tri-doping with Mn, Ge, and Bi and thermoelectric enhancement of SnTe induced by grain boundary engineering and nanostructuring[J]. Journal of Materiomics, 2026 , 12 (2) : 101119 - . DOI: 10.1016/j.jmat.2025.101119

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Funding

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National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea
Korean government (MSIT)(RS-2025-02223651)
Ministry of Education, Korea(2120231314753)

Appendix

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Year 2026 volume 12 Issue 2

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Article Info

doi: 10.1016/j.jmat.2025.101119

Receive Date：2025-04-30
Online Date：2026-08-13
Published：2026-03-20

Article Data

Affiliations

History

Received：2025-04-30
Revised：2025-07-14
Accepted：2025-07-14

Funding

National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea

Korean government (MSIT)(RS-2025-02223651)

Ministry of Education, Korea(2120231314753)

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

^bResearch Institute of Automotive Parts and Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

^cInnovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

^dDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Srinivas University, Mukka, 574146, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

^eDepartment of Thermoelectric Power Generation, DAEYANG Co., Ltd., C-dong, 34 SeongSeo-ro 71-gil, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42703, Republic of Korea

^fNational Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Srinivasnagar, 575025, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Corresponding:

^* Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea. E-mail address: hs.lee@knu.ac.kr (H.S. Lee).

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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