The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties. To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding, this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systematically investigated the effects of parental genotypes and plant hormones on embryo development and germination. Additionally, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the conversion of abnormal plantlets. Results indicate that ‘Ruby Seedless’, ‘Delight’, ‘Huozhouheiyu’, ‘Zitian Seedless’, and ‘Zhengyan Seedless’ are suitable as maternal parents, whereas ‘Zitian Seedless’, ‘Shennongxiangfeng’, ‘Hongqitezao’, and ‘Guibao’ perform optimally as paternal parents. Among these, the crosses ‘Ruby Seedless×Shennongxiangfeng’ and ‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’ exhibited the highest embryo rescue efficiency, with embryo development rates of 55.05 and 59.76%, yielding 1,348 and 2,235 viable plantlets, respectively. When 1.0mg L^–1zeatin (ZT) was added to the MM3 medium supplemented with 0.2mg L^–1indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), theembryo development rate of ‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’ increased by 64.73%. In the WPM germination medium, supplementation with 0.2mg L^–1ZT and 0.2mg L^–1IAA resulted in the highest germination rate of 85.71% for the hybrid combination ‘Huozhouheiyu×Shine Muscat’. Furthermore, 3,365 abnormal plantlets were rescued viadirect transformation and hypocotyl-induced adventitious bud regeneration, among which 1,234 were transformed into normal plantlets. Following hybridization, a total of 4,287 plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted. This study provides theoretical insights to improve the efficiency of embryo rescue breeding in seedless grapes and offers valuable genetic resources for future breeding programs.

cabbage  /  head-splitting resistance  /  QTL  /  transcriptomic and metabolic profiling