Article(id=1211269162010284312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211269157790806494, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.04.03, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1610640000000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-15, revisedDate=1614614400000, revisedDateStr=2021-03-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766718672515, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1619539200000, pubDateStr=2021-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766718672515, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766718672515, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718672515, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211269157790806494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='319', pageEnd='424', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766718671510, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718756000, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269512217882745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211269157790806494, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269512217882746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211269157790806494, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=333, endPage=339, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211269162933031230, articleId=1211269162010284312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of artemisinin on alleviating vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of artemisinin (ART) on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and explore its potential molecule mechanism. Methods The human umbilical vein endothelial cells EA.hy926 in logarithmic phase were treated respectively with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml of ox-LDL and 0, 1,5, 10 and 20 mmol/L of ART. The cell viability were detected by MTT assay. To detected the effect of ART on cells, the EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group (without any treatment), ox-LDL group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL), ox-LDL+ART group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL and 10 mmol/L ART) and ox-LDL+ART+3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL, 10 mmol/L ART and 5 mmol/L 3-MA). To detected the effect of transient receptor potential channel vanillic acid receptor subtype Ⅳ (TRPV4) on the cells, the EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, ox-LDL group, ox-LDL+ART group and ox-LDL+ART+ruthenium red (RR) group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL, 10 mmol/L ART and 10 mmol/L RR). The cell viability were detected by MTT assay. The expressions of TRPV4, autophagy associated proteins (LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62)and apoptosis associated protein (Bcl-2, Bax) were detected by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Results The cell viability of EA.hy926 decreased with the increase of ox-LDL concentration. The viability of ox-LDL induced cells was significantly upregulated by ART (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the viability of cells, and the expression levels of p62, Bcl-2 and TRPV4 decreased significantly in the ox-LDL group (P<0.05), but the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, cell apoptosis rate and expression level of Bax was significantly up-regulated in ox-LDL group (P<0.05). Compared with the ox-LDL group, the cell viability, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and TRPV4 increased significantly, but the cell apoptosis rate, protein expression levels of p62 and Bax decreased significantly in ox-LDL+ART group (P<0.05). Compared with the ox-LDL+ART group, the cell viability, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, and protein expression level of Bcl-2 decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the cell apoptosis rate, protein expression levels of p62 and Bax were up-regulated significantly in ox-LDL+ART+3-MA group and ox-LDL+ART+RR group (P<0.05). Conclusion ART can promote autophagy by activating TRPV4 to reduce ox-LDL induced vascular endothelial cell injury.

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目的 探讨青蒿素(ART)对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及其潜在的分子机制。方法 分别用0、50、100、150、200 mg/ml的ox-LDL及0、1、5、10、20 mmol/L的ART处理对数生长期的人脐静脉内皮细胞EA.hy926,采用MTT法检测细胞活性。为检测ART对细胞的影响,将EA.hy926细胞分为4组:对照组(无处理)、ox-LDL组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL)、ox-LDL+ART组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART)及ox-LDL+ART+3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART+5 mmol/L 3-MA);为检测瞬时感受器电位通道香草酸受体亚型Ⅳ(TRPV4)对细胞的影响,将EA.hy926细胞分为4组:对照组、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组及ox-LDL+ART+钌红(RR)组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART+10 mmol/L RR)。采用MTT法检测细胞活性,Western blotting检测TRPV4、自噬相关蛋白(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、p62)及凋亡相关蛋白(Bcl-2、Bax)的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。结果 EA.hy926细胞活性随着ox-LDL浓度的升高而降低,而ART作用于ox-LDL诱导的细胞后,细胞活性明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,ox-LDL组细胞活性,p62、Bcl-2、TRPV4表达水平明显降低,而LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、细胞凋亡率、Bax表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组细胞活性、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、Bcl-2及TRPV4表达水平明显升高,而细胞凋亡率、Bax及p62表达水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组及ox-LDL+ART+RR组细胞活性、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、Bcl-2表达水平明显降低,细胞凋亡率、p62及Bax表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ART可通过激活TRPV4促进细胞自噬,从而减轻ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤。

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袁向科,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事中西医结合治疗周围血管疾病的基础及临床研究

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袁向科,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事中西医结合治疗周围血管疾病的基础及临床研究

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袁向科,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事中西医结合治疗周围血管疾病的基础及临床研究

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J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(5): 6831-6841., articleTitle=Knockdown of TRPV4 suppresses osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis by inhibiting autophagy through Ca2+-calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211269164862411227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269164866605534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, companyId=1211269164862411227, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Peripheral Vascular, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269164874994141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, companyId=1211269164862411227, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河南省中医院周围血管科,郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211269164946297316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269164950491620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, companyId=1211269164946297316, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269164958880230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, companyId=1211269164946297316, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河南省中医药大学第三附属医院老年病科,郑州 450002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1211269167798424136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of different concentrations of ox-LDL and ART on the viability of EA.hy926 cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=rEzOXRdXZPqsmVOzKo0iwg==, figureFileBig=h1ZQFH82rYpgsvrEhUTglQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269167882310221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同浓度ox-LDL、ART对EA.hy926细胞活性的影响(n=3)

与0 mg/ml ox-LDL组比较,(1)P<0.05;与50 mg/ml ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与100 mg/ml ox-LDL组比较,(3)P<0.05;与150 mg/ml ox-LDL组比较,(4)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=rEzOXRdXZPqsmVOzKo0iwg==, figureFileBig=h1ZQFH82rYpgsvrEhUTglQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168075248214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of ART on the viability of EA.hy926 cells induced by ox-LDL (n=3), figureFileSmall=MVpyNrV7SgeNUn10nCsFSQ==, figureFileBig=WX/LC9DAJy/U9LBdNO0hbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168184300121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ART对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞活性的影响(n=3)

与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=MVpyNrV7SgeNUn10nCsFSQ==, figureFileBig=WX/LC9DAJy/U9LBdNO0hbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168280769117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of ART on the autophagy of EA.hy926 cells induced by ox-LDL (Western blotting, n=3), figureFileSmall=6deEJ3HTcdYvGREtoTDK2Q==, figureFileBig=n7b6hM6NZ7FsfRJJqaHz9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168360460896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ART对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞自噬的影响(Western blotting,n=3)

与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=6deEJ3HTcdYvGREtoTDK2Q==, figureFileBig=n7b6hM6NZ7FsfRJJqaHz9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168469512805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of ART on the apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells induced by ox-LDL (n=3), figureFileSmall=oLQFpbMNvh0NJ6f7klrd7w==, figureFileBig=NuWQ75NRLY1wX93FJrOHhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168565981800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ART对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞凋亡的影响(n=3)

A.流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;B.各组细胞凋亡率比较;C. Western blotting检测蛋白表达;D. 各组细胞蛋白表达水平比较;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=oLQFpbMNvh0NJ6f7klrd7w==, figureFileBig=NuWQ75NRLY1wX93FJrOHhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269168750531182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of ART on the protein expression of TRPV4 in EA.hy926 cells induced by ox-LDL (n=3), figureFileSmall=pN7OqFQjx/OSOuojb+4ZpQ==, figureFileBig=gO6WkNDznoYxxh6N/M3SuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269169065103987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ART对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞TRPV4蛋白表达水平的影响(n=3)

与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=pN7OqFQjx/OSOuojb+4ZpQ==, figureFileBig=gO6WkNDznoYxxh6N/M3SuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269169165767284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of ART on the autophagy of EA.hy926 cells induced by ox-LDL (n=3), figureFileSmall=OVfam6j7oNNmTSZQ5aPk7Q==, figureFileBig=eRi0HUJjJ0Pivyc0o/uJiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269169308373624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图6, caption=ART对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞自噬的影响(n=3)

与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=OVfam6j7oNNmTSZQ5aPk7Q==, figureFileBig=eRi0HUJjJ0Pivyc0o/uJiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269169442591360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of suppressing TRPV4 on the viability and apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells induced by ox-LDL (n=3), figureFileSmall=Jx0VF09e0MtHnTGEYYisaw==, figureFileBig=bqZCBELQBwSlT6yBrwZJLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269169551643271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269162010284312, language=CN, label=图7, caption=抑制TRPV4对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞活性及细胞凋亡的影响(n=3)

A. 各组细胞活性比较;B. 各组细胞凋亡率比较;C. Western blotting检测各组细胞中Bcl-2及Bax蛋白的水平;D. 各组细胞Bcl-2及Bax蛋白表达水平比较;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与ox-LDL组比较,(2)P<0.05;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,(3)P<0.05。

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青蒿素对氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及机制
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袁向科 1 , 江瑞 2
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(4): 333-339
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(4): 333-339
青蒿素对氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及机制
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袁向科1, 江瑞2
作者信息
  • 1河南省中医院周围血管科,郑州 450002
  • 2河南省中医药大学第三附属医院老年病科,郑州 450002
  • 袁向科,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事中西医结合治疗周围血管疾病的基础及临床研究

Effect and mechanism of artemisinin on alleviating vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein
Xiang-Ke Yuan1, Rui Jiang2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Peripheral Vascular, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 2Department of Geriatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
出版时间: 2021-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.04.03
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目的 探讨青蒿素(ART)对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及其潜在的分子机制。方法 分别用0、50、100、150、200 mg/ml的ox-LDL及0、1、5、10、20 mmol/L的ART处理对数生长期的人脐静脉内皮细胞EA.hy926,采用MTT法检测细胞活性。为检测ART对细胞的影响,将EA.hy926细胞分为4组:对照组(无处理)、ox-LDL组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL)、ox-LDL+ART组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART)及ox-LDL+ART+3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART+5 mmol/L 3-MA);为检测瞬时感受器电位通道香草酸受体亚型Ⅳ(TRPV4)对细胞的影响,将EA.hy926细胞分为4组:对照组、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组及ox-LDL+ART+钌红(RR)组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART+10 mmol/L RR)。采用MTT法检测细胞活性,Western blotting检测TRPV4、自噬相关蛋白(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、p62)及凋亡相关蛋白(Bcl-2、Bax)的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。结果 EA.hy926细胞活性随着ox-LDL浓度的升高而降低,而ART作用于ox-LDL诱导的细胞后,细胞活性明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,ox-LDL组细胞活性,p62、Bcl-2、TRPV4表达水平明显降低,而LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、细胞凋亡率、Bax表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组细胞活性、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、Bcl-2及TRPV4表达水平明显升高,而细胞凋亡率、Bax及p62表达水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组及ox-LDL+ART+RR组细胞活性、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、Bcl-2表达水平明显降低,细胞凋亡率、p62及Bax表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ART可通过激活TRPV4促进细胞自噬,从而减轻ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤。

青蒿素  /  外周动脉硬化性疾病  /  氧化低密度脂蛋白  /  瞬时感受器电位通道香草酸受体亚型Ⅳ

Objective To investigate the effects of artemisinin (ART) on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and explore its potential molecule mechanism. Methods The human umbilical vein endothelial cells EA.hy926 in logarithmic phase were treated respectively with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml of ox-LDL and 0, 1,5, 10 and 20 mmol/L of ART. The cell viability were detected by MTT assay. To detected the effect of ART on cells, the EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group (without any treatment), ox-LDL group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL), ox-LDL+ART group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL and 10 mmol/L ART) and ox-LDL+ART+3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL, 10 mmol/L ART and 5 mmol/L 3-MA). To detected the effect of transient receptor potential channel vanillic acid receptor subtype Ⅳ (TRPV4) on the cells, the EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, ox-LDL group, ox-LDL+ART group and ox-LDL+ART+ruthenium red (RR) group (treated with 100 mg/ml ox-LDL, 10 mmol/L ART and 10 mmol/L RR). The cell viability were detected by MTT assay. The expressions of TRPV4, autophagy associated proteins (LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62)and apoptosis associated protein (Bcl-2, Bax) were detected by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Results The cell viability of EA.hy926 decreased with the increase of ox-LDL concentration. The viability of ox-LDL induced cells was significantly upregulated by ART (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the viability of cells, and the expression levels of p62, Bcl-2 and TRPV4 decreased significantly in the ox-LDL group (P<0.05), but the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, cell apoptosis rate and expression level of Bax was significantly up-regulated in ox-LDL group (P<0.05). Compared with the ox-LDL group, the cell viability, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and TRPV4 increased significantly, but the cell apoptosis rate, protein expression levels of p62 and Bax decreased significantly in ox-LDL+ART group (P<0.05). Compared with the ox-LDL+ART group, the cell viability, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, and protein expression level of Bcl-2 decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the cell apoptosis rate, protein expression levels of p62 and Bax were up-regulated significantly in ox-LDL+ART+3-MA group and ox-LDL+ART+RR group (P<0.05). Conclusion ART can promote autophagy by activating TRPV4 to reduce ox-LDL induced vascular endothelial cell injury.

artemisinin  /  peripheral arteriosclerotic disease  /  oxidized low density lipoprotein  /  transient receptor potential channel vanillic acid receptor subtype Ⅳ
袁向科, 江瑞. 青蒿素对氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (4) : 333 -339 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.04.03
Xiang-Ke Yuan, Rui Jiang. Effect and mechanism of artemisinin on alleviating vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (4) : 333 -339 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.04.03
血管内皮损伤及功能障碍是动脉硬化发生的始动因素。正常情况下,血管内皮结构完整、功能正常;而氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)的沉积会导致内皮细胞损伤、单核细胞浸润、血小板黏附聚集,并刺激血管平滑肌细胞向血管内膜迁移及增殖,巨噬细胞吞噬脂质而形成泡沫细胞,逐渐发展为动脉粥样硬化性斑块[1-2]。ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤模型广泛用于动脉粥样硬化发病机制的研究[3-4]。青蒿素(artemisinin,ART)是从菊科植物黄花蒿中提取的倍半萜内酯化合物。研究表明,ART可促进巨噬细胞的自噬,减轻炎症反应,进而抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成[5-7],还可延缓ApoE基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化的进展[8]。但是,ART在内皮细胞损伤中的作用及其机制目前尚未明确。本研究通过构建ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤模型,探讨ART对血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用及其潜在机制,旨在为动脉粥样硬化的防治提供新思路。
人脐静脉内皮细胞EA.hy926购自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心;ART、自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3-MA)、瞬时感受器电位通道香草酸受体亚型Ⅳ(transient receptor potential vanilloid 4,TRPV4)阻断剂钌红(ruthenium red,RR)购自美国Sigma公司;DMEM高糖培养基、胎牛血清购自美国Gibco公司;ox-LDL、0.25%胰蛋白酶、青霉素-链霉素双抗(含100 U/ml青霉素+100 μg/ml链霉素)购自上海生工生物工程有限公司;噻唑蓝(MTT)检测试剂盒、BCA蛋白检测试剂盒、RIPA蛋白裂解液、Annexin V-FITC/碘化丙啶(PI)凋亡试剂盒、ECL化学发光试剂购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;兔抗人LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ多克隆抗体、兔抗人p62多克隆抗体、兔抗人Bcl-2/Bax多克隆抗体、兔抗人TRPV4多克隆抗体、兔抗人β-actin多克隆抗体及HRP-IgG羊抗兔二抗均购自美国Santa Cruz公司。
将人脐静脉内皮细胞EA.hy926用含10%胎牛血清及1%青霉素-链霉素双抗的DMEM高糖培养基在37℃、5%CO2孵箱中培养,待细胞融合至70%~80%时用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,1:3传代培养。取对数生长期EA.hy926细胞,分别用0、50、100、150、200 mg/ml的ox-LDL诱导,接种于96孔板,24 h后收集细胞,MTT法检测细胞活性。取对数生长期EA.hy926细胞,分别用0、1、5、10、20 mmol/L的ART处理细胞,接种于96孔板,24 h后收集细胞,MTT法检测细胞活性。为检测ART对细胞的影响,将对数生长期EA.hy926细胞随机分为4组:对照组(无处理)、ox-LDL组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL)、ox-LDL+ART组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART)及ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART+5 mmol/L 3-MA)。为检测TRPV4对细胞的影响,将对数生长期EA.hy926细胞随机分为4组:对照组、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组及ox-LDL+ART+RR组(100 mg/ml ox-LDL+10 mmol/L ART+10 mmol/L RR)。按分组处理细胞后接种于96孔板,24 h后收集细胞,MTT法检测细胞活性,Western blotting检测蛋白表达水平,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。
收集各处理组细胞,每孔加5 g/L MTT工作液20 μl,于37℃孵育4 h,吸弃上清液;加入DMSO混匀,采用酶标仪检测各孔在550 nm波长处的吸光度(OD)值,计算细胞活性。实验独立重复3次。
收集各处理组细胞,加入RIPA蛋白裂解液,提取总蛋白,BCA试剂盒检测蛋白含量;以40 mg蛋白量上样,10% SDS-PAGE电泳分离,转膜,5%脱脂牛奶封闭,分别加入LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、p62、Bcl-2、Bax、TRPV4及β-actin等抗体孵育过夜,TBST洗膜;加入HRP标记的羊抗兔二抗,室温孵育4 h,TBST洗膜;ECL发光液显色曝光。蛋白表达水平以条带灰度值表示,以β-actin为内参照。实验独立重复3次。
收集各处理组细胞,PBS反复冲洗;加入500 μl结合缓冲液,用5 μl Annexin V-FITC室温下避光孵育15 min,再加入5 μl PI孵育5 min;采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。实验独立重复3次。
采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
MTT检测结果显示,随着ox-LDL浓度的升高,EA.hy926细胞活性逐渐降低(P<0.05),采用0、1、5、10、20 mmol/L的ART处理EA.hy926细胞24 h后,EA.hy926细胞活性无明显变化(P>0.05,图1)。与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组、ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的EA.hy926细胞活性明显降低;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组细胞活性明显升高;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组细胞活性明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组EA.hy926细胞中LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值均增高;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值增高,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显降低;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组EA.hy926细胞中p62蛋白表达水平降低,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组p62蛋白表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组p62蛋白表达水平降低,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组p62蛋白表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的p62蛋白表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(图3)。
流式细胞仪检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组、ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的EA.hy926细胞凋亡率均明显增高;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组的细胞凋亡率明显降低,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的细胞凋亡率明显增高,且ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组的细胞凋亡率明显高于ox-LDL+ART组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4A、B)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组凋亡因子Bcl-2的表达水平降低,Bax的表达水平升高;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组Bcl-2的表达水平升高,Bax的表达水平降低,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组Bax的表达水平升高;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+3-MA组Bcl-2的表达水平降低,Bax的表达水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4C、D)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART+RR组TRPV4蛋白表达水平明显降低;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组TRPV4蛋白表达水平明显升高;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+RR组TRPV4蛋白表达水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图5)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显升高,p62蛋白表达水平明显降低,ox-LDL+ART+RR组的p62蛋白表达水平明显降低;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显升高,p62蛋白表达水平明显降低,ox-LDL+ART+RR组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显降低;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+RR组的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显降低,p62蛋白表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图6)。
MTT检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组、ox-LDL+ART+RR组细胞活性明显降低;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组细胞活性明显升高;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+RR组细胞活性明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图7A)。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART组、ox-LDL+ART+RR组细胞凋亡率均明显增高;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组的细胞凋亡率明显降低;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+RR组的细胞凋亡率明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图7B)。Western blotting检测结果表明,与对照组比较,ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+ART+RR组凋亡因子Bcl-2的表达水平降低,Bax的表达水平升高;与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+ART组Bcl-2的表达水平升高,Bax的表达水平降低;与ox-LDL+ART组比较,ox-LDL+ART+RR组Bcl-2的表达水平降低,Bax的表达水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图7C、D)。
外周血管动脉粥样硬化是一个慢性炎症反应过程,是动脉损伤或者斑块性内皮损伤长期作用的结果。血管内皮细胞作为紧贴血管壁的单层细胞,最易受到炎性细胞、氧化应激及循环因子的损害[9]。近年来大量研究表明,血管内皮细胞的损伤及功能改变是动脉粥样硬化发生发展的始动环节[10-12]。ox-LDL为血管内皮凋亡诱导因子,抑制ox-LDL介导的血管内皮损伤有望成为预防或缓解动脉粥样硬化进展的有效措施[13]。ART是从菊科植物黄花蒿中提取的一种低毒、有效的抗疟药,其结构中存在内过氧桥,断裂后产生的碳中心自由基分子及活性氧(ROS)是其发挥药理作用的结构基础[14]。近年来,对ART的研究已经从抗疟疾治疗扩展到抗炎、抗肿瘤及抑制血管新生等[15]。已有研究表明,ART减轻了ApoE-/-基因敲除小鼠的动脉粥样硬化损伤[8],但其防治动脉粥样硬化的分子机制尚待进一步探索。本研究结果显示,不同浓度ART单独作用于EA.hy926细胞后,细胞活性无明显变化,但ART能够逆转ox-LDL对血管内皮细胞EA.hy926活性的抑制作用。
细胞自噬是细胞通过溶酶体降解内源性底物的重要生物学过程[16],在细胞生存、组织分化、结构重建及代谢平衡中发挥重要作用[17],可帮助细胞应对外界有害刺激,促进细胞存活,但过度自噬会导致细胞发生程序性死亡。有研究表明,自噬与动脉粥样硬化的发生直接相关,动脉粥样硬化早期在氧化脂质的刺激下,内皮细胞发生自噬,并通过自噬清除受损的线粒体,保护内皮细胞功能[18-19];但在动脉粥样硬化晚期,斑块继续发展,内皮细胞的过度自噬则可导致细胞死亡,不利于斑块的稳定[20-21]。ox-LDL、炎症等与动脉粥样硬化发生相关的因素均可引起细胞自噬。本研究结果显示,ox-LDL处理提高了EA.hy926细胞中LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值,降低了p62蛋白表达水平,尽管ox-LDL作用早期可促进细胞自噬,但并不足以抑制其造成的细胞凋亡。ART进一步促进了ox-LDL对EA.hy926细胞的自噬作用;而自噬抑制剂3-MA可逆转ART对ox-LDL诱导的细胞自噬促进作用;提示ART进一步激活了ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞自噬,进而抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡。
瞬时受体电位(transient receptor potential,TRP)通道是一类重要的阳离子通道家族。瞬时感受器电位通道香草酸受体(transient receptor potential vanilloid,TRPV)共有6个成员:TRPV1~TRPV6,广泛分布于哺乳动物体内,在机体的多种生理功能中发挥重要作用[22]。其中TRPV4激活可引起Ca2+内流,触发Ca2+依赖的生理反应,调节血管张力[23]。有研究发现,TRPV4激活抑制了肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α诱导的内皮细胞黏附,并减轻了ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成[24]。此外有研究发现,TRPV4可诱导肝星形细胞的自噬,进而抑制细胞凋亡[25];敲低成骨细胞中的TRPV4则可通过抑制自噬而抑制成骨细胞的分化[26]。以上研究均提示TRPV4对细胞自噬有促进作用。本研究结果显示,ART上调了ox-LDL诱导的TRPV4表达,应用TRPV4阻断剂后,ART对ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞自噬作用被反转,表明ART通过激活TRPV4而促进ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞自噬。但ART是否可通过激活TRPV4而进入内皮细胞尚未明确。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,ART可通过上调TRPV4促进细胞自噬,减轻ox-LDL诱导的细胞损伤,为动脉粥样硬化的治疗提供了潜在靶点。然而ART激活TRPV4的机制尚不清楚,仍有待进一步研究。
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2021年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.04.03
  • 接收时间:2021-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2021-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-15
  • 修回日期:2021-03-02
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    1河南省中医院周围血管科,郑州 450002
    2河南省中医药大学第三附属医院老年病科,郑州 450002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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