Article(id=1211269037842101186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211269034906088369, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.03.03, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1607443200000, receivedDateStr=2020-12-09, revisedDate=1612368000000, revisedDateStr=2021-02-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766718642912, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1616860800000, pubDateStr=2021-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766718642912, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766718642912, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718642912, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211269034906088369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='213', pageEnd='318', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766718642212, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718779849, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269612247838856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211269034906088369, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269612247838857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211269034906088369, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=231, endPage=237, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211269038152479696, articleId=1211269037842101186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by α7nAChR mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathway, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate whether dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) through alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n=6), acute lung injury group (n=6), dexmedetomidine treatment group (n=6), and α7nAChR inhibitor α-BGT group (n=6). After anesthesia, rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline to serve as normal control; the rest rats all received LPS (10 mg/kg) via a femoral vein to induce the ALI model. For the dexmedetomidine treatment group, rats were continuously injected with dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg per hour) via the femoral vein immediately after LPS administration. For the α7nAChR inhibitor α-BGT group, rats received 1 μg/kg α-BGT half an hour before dexmedetomidine administration as the dexmedetomidine treatment group. The rats were sacrificed 12 hours after LPS injection to collect the blood and lung tissues. Histology of the lungs was examined with HE staining. The lung injury score was calculated. In the blood sample, PaO2, HCO3, Lac, W/D, MPO activity were measured. The number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 in serum were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of α7nAChR, TLR4, p-NF-κB were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, LPS induced marked lung histological injury, which was less pronounced in the dexmedetomidine treatment group. Compared with the control group, the levels of PaO2 and HCO3 were decreased, Lac, W/D, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MPO, the total number of cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were increased in the acute lung injury group (P<0.01). Compared with the acute lung injury group, PaO2, HCO3 and IL-10 were increased, and Lac, W/D, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, the total number of cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were decreased in the dexmedetomidine treatment group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the protein levels of α7nAChR, TLR4, p-NF-κB were increased in the acute lung injury group (P<0.01). Compared with the acute lung injury group, the protein levels of α7nAChR was increased, and TLR4, p-NF-κB were decreased in the dexmedetomidine treatment group (P<0.01).However, the effect of dexmedetomidine was reversed by the α7nAChR inhibitor α-BGT. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine may reduce LPS-induced ALI through α7nAChR mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathways.

, correspAuthors=An-Shan Wei, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨右美托咪定是否通过α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(α7nAChR)介导的Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路减轻脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤(ALI)。方法 24只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、急性肺损伤组、右美托咪定治疗组与α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组,每组6只。麻醉后,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水;急性肺损伤组股静脉注射LPS(10 mg/kg)诱导ALI模型;右美托咪定治疗组给予LPS后即刻股静脉持续输注右美托咪定[5 μg/(kg.h)]至实验结束;α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组在输注右美托咪定前半小时腹腔注射1 μg/kg α-BGT,其余处理同右美托咪定治疗组。LPS注射后12 h处死大鼠,收集血液和肺组织。HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化并进行损伤评分。抽取颈动脉血检测氧分压(PaO2)、碳酸氢根(HCO3)及乳酸(Lac)水平;测定肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞数;ELISA法检测血液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10水平;Western blotting检测肺组织中α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平。结果 肺组织病理学观察见右美托咪定治疗可明显减轻LPS诱导的肺泡壁和肺组织间隔增厚以及炎性细胞浸润,降低肺损伤病理评分(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组PaO2、HCO3水平降低,Lac、W/D、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平及MPO活性升高,总细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞计数增多,肺组织中α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组PaO2、HCO3、IL-10水平升高,Lac、W/D、TNF-α、IL-6水平及MPO活性降低,总细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞计数减少,肺组织中α7nAChR蛋白表达水平升高,TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01)。而右美托咪定的作用可被α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT部分逆转。结论 右美托咪定可能通过α7nAChR介导的TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻LPS诱导的ALI。

, correspAuthors=魏安山, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
魏安山,E-mail:
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姜远旭,医学博士,主任医师,主要从事围术期器官损伤的基础与临床研究。E-mail:

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姜远旭,医学博士,主任医师,主要从事围术期器官损伤的基础与临床研究。E-mail:

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J Infect Dis, 2014, 209(10): 1688-1677., articleTitle=Stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protects against sepsis by inhibiting Toll-like receptor via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1211269045857415442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, awardId=SZXK044, language=EN, fundingSource=Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(SZXK044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211269045941301526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, awardId=SZXK044, language=CN, fundingSource=深圳市医学重点学科建设经费(SZXK044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211269046037770523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, awardId=SZSM202011021, language=EN, fundingSource=Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202011021), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211269046125850911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, awardId=SZSM202011021, language=CN, fundingSource=深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目(SZSM202011021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211269039704371246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269039708565551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, companyId=1211269039704371246, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology/the Second Clinical Medical College of Ji’nan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269039712759858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, companyId=1211269039704371246, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1深圳市人民医院(南方科技大学第一附属医院/暨南大学第二临床医学院)麻醉科,广东 深圳 518020)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211269039796645943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269039805034552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, companyId=1211269039796645943, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211269039809228857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, companyId=1211269039796645943, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深圳市麻醉医学工程技术研究中心,广东 深圳 518020)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1211269043533770980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced ALI (HE ×200), figureFileSmall=Q8jMGldYs/cZua8xNaCGag==, figureFileBig=8dnFTpFvmLUZqAnYNvKD8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269043613462761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=CN, label=图1, caption=右美托咪定对LPS诱导的ALI的影响(HE ×200)

LPS. 脂多糖;ALI. 急性肺损伤;A. 肺组织HE染色(×200);B. 肺损伤病理评分;C. 肺组织W/D;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与急性肺损伤组比较,(2)P<0.01;与右美托咪定治疗组比较,(3)P<0.05或P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=Q8jMGldYs/cZua8xNaCGag==, figureFileBig=8dnFTpFvmLUZqAnYNvKD8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269043810595058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of dexmedetomidine on PaO2, HCO3 and Lac in arterial blood of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=6mjJvzVkTbFoB5kxtX91ww==, figureFileBig=2FAuQtX82Sa8pveprfHlZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269043886092533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=CN, label=图2, caption=右美托咪定对各组大鼠PaO2、HCO3及Lac水平的影响

PaO2. 动脉血氧分压;HCO3. 碳酸氢根;Lac. 乳酸;A. 各组大鼠PaO2水平比较;B. 各组大鼠HCO3水平比较;C. 各组大鼠Lac水平比较;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与急性肺损伤组比较,(2)P<0.01;与右美托咪定治疗组比较,(3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=6mjJvzVkTbFoB5kxtX91ww==, figureFileBig=2FAuQtX82Sa8pveprfHlZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269044070641913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and MPO activity in lung tissues of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=4CXRBwpftCjlqOtuoxSV9g==, figureFileBig=f78AszFYawwZ44rABuUbdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269044167110908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=CN, label=图3, caption=右美托咪定对各组大鼠BALF中炎性细胞和肺组织MPO活性的影响

BALF. 肺泡灌洗液;MPO. 髓过氧化物酶;A. BALF中总细胞计数;B. BALF中中性粒细胞计数;C. BALF中巨噬细胞计数;D. 肺组织MPO活性;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与急性肺损伤组比较,(2)P<0.01;与右美托咪定治疗组比较,(3)P<0.05或P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=4CXRBwpftCjlqOtuoxSV9g==, figureFileBig=f78AszFYawwZ44rABuUbdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269044301328643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory cytokines in blood of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=bUobns+Aa88/t4gpOzH2Sw==, figureFileBig=X34Ayr9aqiB3RoDw9BD4tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269045492510982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=CN, label=图4, caption=右美托咪定对各组大鼠血清炎性细胞因子的影响

A. 各组大鼠血清TNF-α水平比较;B. 各组大鼠血清IL-6水平比较;C. 各组大鼠血清IL-10水平比较;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与急性肺损伤组比较,(2)P<0.01;与右美托咪定治疗组比较,(3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=bUobns+Aa88/t4gpOzH2Sw==, figureFileBig=X34Ayr9aqiB3RoDw9BD4tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269045593174280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression of α7nAChR, TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins in lung tissues of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=c+1rWahPmygYeinmWlDtuw==, figureFileBig=J8J0O2JzFFtpDYB2C4wMMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211269045714809101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211269037842101186, language=CN, label=图5, caption=右美托咪定对各组大鼠肺组织α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达的影响

A. α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达;B—D. α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白定量;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与急性肺损伤组比较,(2)P<0.01;与右美托咪定治疗组比较,(3)P<0.01。

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右美托咪定通过α7nAChR介导的TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤
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姜远旭 1, 2 , 詹美俊 1, 2 , 幸志强 1, 2 , 刘占立 1, 2 , 魏安山 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(3): 231-237
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(3): 231-237
右美托咪定通过α7nAChR介导的TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤
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姜远旭1, 2 , 詹美俊1, 2, 幸志强1, 2, 刘占立1, 2, 魏安山1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1深圳市人民医院(南方科技大学第一附属医院/暨南大学第二临床医学院)麻醉科,广东 深圳 518020
  • 2深圳市麻醉医学工程技术研究中心,广东 深圳 518020
  • 姜远旭,医学博士,主任医师,主要从事围术期器官损伤的基础与临床研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

魏安山,E-mail:
Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by α7nAChR mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Yuan-Xu Jiang1, 2 , Mei-Jun Zhan1, 2, Zhi-Qiang Xing1, 2, Zhan-Li Liu1, 2, An-Shan Wei1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology/the Second Clinical Medical College of Ji’nan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
  • 2Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
出版时间: 2021-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.03.03
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目的 探讨右美托咪定是否通过α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(α7nAChR)介导的Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路减轻脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤(ALI)。方法 24只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、急性肺损伤组、右美托咪定治疗组与α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组,每组6只。麻醉后,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水;急性肺损伤组股静脉注射LPS(10 mg/kg)诱导ALI模型;右美托咪定治疗组给予LPS后即刻股静脉持续输注右美托咪定[5 μg/(kg.h)]至实验结束;α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组在输注右美托咪定前半小时腹腔注射1 μg/kg α-BGT,其余处理同右美托咪定治疗组。LPS注射后12 h处死大鼠,收集血液和肺组织。HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化并进行损伤评分。抽取颈动脉血检测氧分压(PaO2)、碳酸氢根(HCO3)及乳酸(Lac)水平;测定肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞数;ELISA法检测血液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10水平;Western blotting检测肺组织中α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平。结果 肺组织病理学观察见右美托咪定治疗可明显减轻LPS诱导的肺泡壁和肺组织间隔增厚以及炎性细胞浸润,降低肺损伤病理评分(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组PaO2、HCO3水平降低,Lac、W/D、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平及MPO活性升高,总细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞计数增多,肺组织中α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组PaO2、HCO3、IL-10水平升高,Lac、W/D、TNF-α、IL-6水平及MPO活性降低,总细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞计数减少,肺组织中α7nAChR蛋白表达水平升高,TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01)。而右美托咪定的作用可被α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT部分逆转。结论 右美托咪定可能通过α7nAChR介导的TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻LPS诱导的ALI。

右美托咪定  /  急性肺损伤  /  α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体  /  Toll样受体4/核因子-κB

Objective To investigate whether dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) through alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n=6), acute lung injury group (n=6), dexmedetomidine treatment group (n=6), and α7nAChR inhibitor α-BGT group (n=6). After anesthesia, rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline to serve as normal control; the rest rats all received LPS (10 mg/kg) via a femoral vein to induce the ALI model. For the dexmedetomidine treatment group, rats were continuously injected with dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg per hour) via the femoral vein immediately after LPS administration. For the α7nAChR inhibitor α-BGT group, rats received 1 μg/kg α-BGT half an hour before dexmedetomidine administration as the dexmedetomidine treatment group. The rats were sacrificed 12 hours after LPS injection to collect the blood and lung tissues. Histology of the lungs was examined with HE staining. The lung injury score was calculated. In the blood sample, PaO2, HCO3, Lac, W/D, MPO activity were measured. The number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 in serum were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of α7nAChR, TLR4, p-NF-κB were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, LPS induced marked lung histological injury, which was less pronounced in the dexmedetomidine treatment group. Compared with the control group, the levels of PaO2 and HCO3 were decreased, Lac, W/D, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MPO, the total number of cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were increased in the acute lung injury group (P<0.01). Compared with the acute lung injury group, PaO2, HCO3 and IL-10 were increased, and Lac, W/D, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, the total number of cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were decreased in the dexmedetomidine treatment group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the protein levels of α7nAChR, TLR4, p-NF-κB were increased in the acute lung injury group (P<0.01). Compared with the acute lung injury group, the protein levels of α7nAChR was increased, and TLR4, p-NF-κB were decreased in the dexmedetomidine treatment group (P<0.01).However, the effect of dexmedetomidine was reversed by the α7nAChR inhibitor α-BGT. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine may reduce LPS-induced ALI through α7nAChR mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathways.

dexmedetomidine  /  acute lung injury  /  alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor  /  Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB
姜远旭, 詹美俊, 幸志强, 刘占立, 魏安山. 右美托咪定通过α7nAChR介导的TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (3) : 231 -237 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.03.03
Yuan-Xu Jiang, Mei-Jun Zhan, Zhi-Qiang Xing, Zhan-Li Liu, An-Shan Wei. Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by α7nAChR mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathway[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (3) : 231 -237 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.03.03
急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)是一种危重症,主要由各种致病因素导致的全身炎症反应失控所致[1-2],由于其病死率高而备受关注。既往动物研究发现,右美托咪定可通过抑制炎症反应而减轻脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的ALI[3]。临床研究发现,右美托咪定可通过减轻炎症反应对行全胸腔镜二尖瓣手术患者的肺功能发挥保护作用[4]。右美托咪定的抗炎作用比较明确,但具体机制尚不清楚。Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路在炎症反应调控中扮演着重要角色[5-6]。体内外研究发现,右美托咪定可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB的表达而减轻炎症反应[7]。烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAChRs)在调节胆碱能抗炎系统中起重要作用,其中α7nAChR是研究最多的亚型之一。既往研究发现,α7nAChR激动剂可能通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路减轻体外循环诱导的大鼠脑神经元凋亡,并对其脑损伤起到保护作用[8]。在脓毒症模型中,刺激α7nAChRs可抑制TLR4/NF-κB的表达,进而减轻脓毒症损伤[9]。但右美托咪定减轻ALI的作用是否与α7nAChRs介导的TLR4/NF-κB下调有关尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨右美托咪定是否通过α7nAChR介导的TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻LPS诱导的ALI。
SPF级Wistar大鼠24只,4~7周龄,体重180~200 g,购自广东省医学实验动物中心。右美托咪定(江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司);脂多糖(Escherichia coli 055:B5,美国Sigma公司);肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、IL-10 ELISA试剂盒(美国R&D Systems公司);抗α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB抗体、辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG二抗、β-actin(美国Abcam公司);髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)。
大鼠腹腔注射3%戊巴比妥钠50 mg/kg麻醉,股静脉置入24#套管供实验中补液和给药。颈部皮肤消毒,正中切口,暴露气管并造口,插入自制气管导管。大鼠随机分为对照组、急性肺损伤组、右美托咪定治疗组与α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组,每组6只。麻醉后,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水;急性肺损伤组股静脉注射LPS(10 mg/kg)诱导ALI模型;参照文献[10],右美托咪定治疗组给予LPS后即刻股静脉持续输注右美托咪定[5 μg/(kg.h)]至实验结束;α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组在输注右美托咪定前半小时腹腔注射1 μg/kg α-BGT,其余处理同右美托咪定治疗组。LPS注射后12 h处死大鼠,收集血液和肺组织。实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
参照文献[11]进行肺组织病理学观察及肺损伤评分。取部分肺组织,用10%多聚甲醛固定、石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色,光镜下观察。采用半定量评分系统评价肺损伤情况,包括肺泡充血、肺泡出血、中性粒细胞浸润和肺泡壁厚度。评分标准如下:0分=无损伤;1分=轻度损伤(25%);2分=中度损伤(50%);3分=重度损伤(75%);4分=极重度损伤(100%)。各项评定分数相加为肺损伤总评分。
大鼠处死后,取右肺上叶,滤纸蘸干表面水分,置于干燥洁净的玻璃瓶中,精确称重,然后置于75 ℃恒温烤箱中,烘烤24 h至恒重,测定肺组织干重,计算W/D。
大鼠处死前抽取颈动脉血,检测氧分压(PaO2)、碳酸氢根(HCO3)、乳酸(Lac)水平。
开胸后,分离并结扎右侧主支气管,经气管缓慢注入冷生理盐水3 ml,用注射器抽吸2或3次,每次间隔1 min,收集BALF,取1 ml于显微镜下在计数板上行细胞分类及计数。
取肺组织100 mg解冻,制备肺组织匀浆测定MPO活性,具体操作严格按试剂盒说明书进行。
取冰冻血清,解冻,采用ELISA法测定TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平,严格按照试剂盒说明书操作。
取部分肺组织,经细胞裂解、蛋白定量、凝胶电泳分离及转膜后,5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,加入抗α7nAChR(1:400)、TLR4(1:1000)、p-NF-κB(1:1000)一抗,1%脱脂奶粉孵育过夜。洗膜,加入辣根过氧化物酶二抗(1:2000)孵育;洗膜,加入化学发光增强剂自显影。采用ImageJ软件(美国国立卫生研究院)对蛋白条带进行扫描分析,以β-actin为内参,计算各蛋白的相对表达量。
采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
HE染色结果显示,对照组肺组织结构基本正常;急性肺损伤组肺组织间隔增厚,肺血管充血,炎性细胞浸润;与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组肺组织形态变化减轻(图1A)。与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组肺损伤病理评分升高[(0.17±0.41)分vs. (3.33±0.52)分,P<0.01];与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组肺损伤病理评分降低[(1.50±0.55)分,P<0.01];与右美托咪定治疗组比较,α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组肺损伤病理评分升高[(3.00±0.63)分,P<0.01,图1B)。
与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组W/D升高(P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组W/D降低(6.63±0.53 vs.4.62±0.71,P<0.01);与右美托咪定治疗组比较,α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组W/D升高(4.62±0.71 vs.5.42±0.48,P<0.05,图1C)。
动脉血气分析结果显示,与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组血液PaO2、HCO3水平降低,Lac水平升高(P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组PaO2、HCO3水平升高[(61±8) mmHg vs. (86±8) mmHg,(12.23±1.87) mmol/L vs.(20.08±1.93) mmol/L,P<0.01],Lac水平降低[(4.95±0.51) mmol/L vs. (2.00±0.26) mmol/L,P<0.01];与右美托咪定治疗组比较,α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组PaO2、HCO3水平降低[(74±4) mmHg、(16.95±1.86) mmol/L],Lac水平升高[(2.65±0.29) mmol/L,P<0.01,图2]。
与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组BALF中总细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞计数增多(P<0.01),肺组织MPO活性升高(P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组BALF中总细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞计数减少[(5.63±0.51)×106/ml vs. (3.62±0.44)×106/ml,(0.54±0.09)×106/ml vs. (0.30±0.07)×106/ml,(2.47±0.37)×106/ml vs. (1.36±0.32)×106/ml,P<0.01],肺组织MPO活性降低[(4.22±0.63) U/g vs. (2.08±0.26) U/g,P<0.01];与右美托咪定治疗组比较,α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组BALF中总细胞[(4.68±0.50)×106/ml]、中性粒细胞[(0.41±0.04)×106/ml]、巨噬细胞[(2.00±0.16)×106/ml]计数增多,肺组织MPO活性升高[(3.11±0.28) U/g,P<0.01,图3]。
ELISA法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10水平升高(P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组TNF-α、IL-6水平降低[(1046.41±109.61) pg/ml vs. (469.69±53.82) pg/ml,(2347.94±196.11) pg/ml vs. (1408.64±163.20) pg/ml],IL-10水平升高[(652.94±53.49) pg/ml vs. (1249.35±136.69) pg/ml,P<0.01];与右美托咪定治疗组比较,α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组TNF-α、IL-6水平升高[(821.64±65.72) pg/ml、(2007.788.64±142.67) pg/ml],IL-10水平降低[(862.96±69.15) pg/ml,P<0.01,图4]。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组肺组织α7nAChR、TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平升高(0.05±0.02、0.08±0.02、0.27±0.02,P<0.01);与急性肺损伤组比较,右美托咪定治疗组α7nAChR蛋白表达水平进一步升高(0.16±0.01 vs. 0.36±0.01),TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平降低(0.40±0.03 vs. 0.15±0.01,0.69±0.07 vs. 0.33±0.03,P<0.01);与右美托咪定治疗组比较,α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT组α7nAChR蛋白表达水平降低(0.28±0.02),TLR4、p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平升高(0.21±0.02、0.46±0.02,P<0.01,图5)。
LPS是革兰阴性杆菌细胞壁的主要成分,常用来诱导建立ALI模型[12]。本研究动脉血气分析结果显示,静脉注射10 mg/kg LPS 12 h后,急性肺损伤组大鼠PaO2水平降低,HCO3、Lac水平升高,表明大鼠出现明显的低氧血症及细胞缺氧;急性肺损伤组W/D增高表明肺组织水肿。MPO活性可反映中性粒细胞在组织中的聚集程度,本研究中急性肺损伤组MPO活性明显增高,提示肺组织中有大量中性粒细胞浸润;急性肺损伤组BALF中中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞计数明显增多,表明LPS诱导了明显的炎症反应。肺组织病理学观察显示,急性肺损伤组肺泡正常结构破坏,肺泡壁水肿,肺间质增厚,肺泡腔内有中性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润;与对照组比较,急性肺损伤组肺损伤病理评分明显增高,提示股静脉注射LPS成功制备了大鼠ALI模型。
炎症反应在ALI发生发展中扮演着重要角色。LPS使中性粒细胞激活,然后巨噬细胞等炎性细胞被激活而大量释放TNF-α等炎性细胞因子,这些炎性细胞因子反过来激活炎性细胞,最终形成炎症瀑布反应,损害各个器官的功能,其中肺组织最先受到打击。中性粒细胞激活后,通过释放ROS、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶等造成肺毛细血管内皮和肺泡上皮等实质细胞损伤,导致肺通透性增加[13-14],从而使肺组织内液体生成增多。此外,中性粒细胞等炎性细胞释放的炎性细胞因子如TNF-α、IL-6等还可导致肺泡内液体吸收减少。故炎症反应可导致严重的肺水肿,进而导致氧合功能障碍及严重的低氧血症。因此,抑制炎症反应在ALI的治疗中尤为重要。右美托咪定是一种高选择性的α2肾上腺素能受体(α2AR)激动剂,因其镇静作用强且对呼吸的影响小而广泛应用于重症患者的镇静及作为全麻辅助用药[15]。一项随机对照临床研究发现,右美托咪定可降低术后肺部并发症的发生率[16]。近年来研究发现,右美托咪定具有抗炎作用[17-18]。本研究结果显示,右美托咪定可降低肺组织MPO活性及BALF中中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞计数,抑制促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6等的释放,促进抗炎细胞因子IL-10的释放,提示右美托咪定可减轻LPS诱导的炎症反应。本研究结果显示,右美托咪定治疗可明显减轻LPS诱导的肺水肿,改善呼吸功能及减轻肺损伤,提示右美托咪定的治疗作用可能与抑制炎症反应有关。虽然右美托咪定减轻LPS诱导的炎症反应有明确的结论,但其具体作用机制仍不清楚。
近年来研究发现,自主神经系统在控制炎症及调节免疫反应方面发挥着重要作用[19]。胆碱能抗炎通路是一种神经免疫调节轴,可调节先天免疫细胞反应。胆碱能抗炎通路包括传出的迷走神经、乙酰胆碱和α7nAChR。中枢神经胆碱能神经元被炎症激活,将信息传递给传出的迷走神经,从而释放乙酰胆碱,乙酰胆碱通过与免疫细胞上的α7nAChR相互作用,抑制促炎因子的产生[20]。因此,胆碱能抗炎通路在炎症发展中起到负反馈调节的作用。既往研究报道,在脓毒症和缺血再灌注损伤实验模型中,胆碱能抗炎通路能抑制炎性细胞因子的释放,进而抑制过度的炎症反应[20-22]。既往研究发现,右美托咪定可通过加强副交感神经系统的活动而激活传出的迷走神经,进而抑制促炎细胞因子的生物合成和释放[23],而通过选择性抑制剂抑制α7nAChR或切断迷走神经后,其抗炎作用明显减弱[24]。本研究结果与上述研究一致:右美托咪定减轻LPS诱导的炎症反应及肺损伤的作用被α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT部分逆转,提示右美托咪定的抗炎作用与胆碱能通路有关。
TLR4是LPS的主要受体,广泛分布于肺组织中性粒细胞中,LPS与TLR4结合后,可激活NF-κB,促进炎性细胞因子释放。有研究发现,在LPS诱导的ALI中,TLR4/NF-κB激活与过度炎症反应密切相关[25]。最近研究发现,右美托咪定通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB而发挥抗炎作用[26]。既往有研究报道,右美托咪定下调TLR4依赖于α7nAChR[27],提示右美托咪定抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路可能与α7nAChR有关。本研究结果显示,给予LPS后,TLR4/NF-κB表达增加,且α7nAChR表达增加,分析原因为LPS作用后,机体在启动促炎反应的同时激发了抗炎反应系统,试图在促炎与抗炎之间达到平衡,以避免过度炎症反应对组织细胞的损伤,这是一种保护机制。本研究还观察到,给予右美托咪定治疗后,α7nAChR的表达进一步增加,而TLR4/NF-κB表达减少,但α7nAChR抑制剂α-BGT部分逆转了右美托咪定对TLR4/NF-κB的抑制作用,表明右美托咪定的抗炎作用与α7nAChR介导的LR4/NF-κB表达抑制有关。
本研究存在以下局限性:(1)本研究未通过免疫组化证实α7nAChR在肺组织中的分布及表达,因而不能证实右美托咪定的作用是否通过nAChR的其他亚基起作用;(2)本研究中右美托咪定的用量远超过临床用量,因而其临床作用仍需要进一步验证;(3)作为α2AR激动剂,右美托咪定处理后α7nAChR的表达是否与α2AR有关尚待进一步研究。因此,仍需深入研究探讨右美托咪定的抗炎及器官保护作用的具体机制。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,右美托咪定可抑制LPS诱导的炎症反应及减轻ALI,其机制与增加α7nAChR的表达及抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路有关。此外,在危重症患者的镇静及全麻术中,右美托咪定虽然可明显减少伤害性刺激,但其用于治疗ALI等炎症促发的危重疾病尚需深入的临床研究以观察治疗效果。
  • 深圳市医学重点学科建设经费(SZXK044)
  • 深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目(SZSM202011021)
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2021年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.03.03
  • 接收时间:2020-12-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2021-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-09
  • 修回日期:2021-02-04
基金
Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(SZXK044)
深圳市医学重点学科建设经费(SZXK044)
Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202011021)
深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目(SZSM202011021)
作者信息
    1深圳市人民医院(南方科技大学第一附属医院/暨南大学第二临床医学院)麻醉科,广东 深圳 518020
    2深圳市麻醉医学工程技术研究中心,广东 深圳 518020

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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