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Article(id=1211268929138323731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268928383348982, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.02.09, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1605801600000, receivedDateStr=2020-11-20, revisedDate=1610985600000, revisedDateStr=2021-01-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766718616995, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1614441600000, pubDateStr=2021-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766718616995, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766718616995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718616995, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211268928383348982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='107', pageEnd='211', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766718616815, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718805938, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269721685627740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268928383348982, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269721685627741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268928383348982, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=163, endPage=168, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211268929457090851, articleId=1211268929138323731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Expression and significance of human neutrophil lipocalin and neutrophil CD64 in prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients with different degrees of infection, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) and neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) in prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients with different infection degrees. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight patients with chronic prostatitis admitted to the Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February 2017 to October 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to whether they were infected with bacteria, the patients were divided into chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes group (CP/CPPS group, n=40) and chronic bacterial prostatitis group (CBP group, n=138). According to National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI)score, CBP group was divided into mild group (n=65), moderate group (n=46) and severe group (n=27), and another 40 healthy people were selected as control group. Age, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, white blood cell (WBC), and NIH-CPSI score were recorded and analyzed. The expression level of HNL in prostatic fluid was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression level of nCD64 in prostatic fluid was detected by flow cytometry. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between both HNL and NCD64 levels and NIH-CPSI score in the CBP group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of CBP and CP/CPPS. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of HNL and nCD64 for CBP. Results Compared with the control group, WBC, HNL and nCD64 levels in CP/CPPS group, CBP group and its subgroups were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the CBP group was higher than CP/CPPS group, and the CBP subgroup increased with the increase of infection degree, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in NIH-CPSI score between CP/CPPS group and CBP group (P>0.05), but NIH-CPSI score of moderate group was higher than that of mild group, and that of severe group was higher than that of moderate group and mild group(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of HNL and nCD64 in prostatic fluid of CBP group were significantly positively correlated with NIH-CPSI score (r=0.897, P<0.001; r=0.919, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bacterial infection, HNL, and nCD64 were independent risk factors for CBP (P<0.05). Other pathogen infections, urinary dysfunction, neuroendocrine abnormalities, abnormal immune response, and pelvis related diseases were independent risk factors for CP/CPPS (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that HNL and nCD64 in prostatic fluid had higher diagnostic value for the occurrence of CBP, area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.837 and 0.899 respectively, and the best critical values were 165.36 μg/L and 4078.28/cells respectively. The combination of the two (HNL and nCD64) had higher diagnostic value, with AUC of 0.949. Conclusion The levels of HNL and nCD64 in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis increased with the aggravation of the bacterial infection, showing a positive correlation, and the combined monitoring of HNL and nCD64 is of reference value for clinical diagnosis and the judgment of infection degree.

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目的 探讨人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(HNL)和中性粒细胞CD64(nCD64)在慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中的表达及其意义。方法 选取2017年2月—2019年10月广西医科大学附属民族医院收治的慢性前列腺炎患者178例，根据是否感染细菌分为慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征组(CP/CPPS组，n=40)与慢性细菌性前列腺炎组(CBP组，n=138)，然后根据美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)评分将CBP组分为轻度组(n=65)、中度组(n=46)与重度组(n=27)；另选择同期在该院进行健康体检者40名作为对照组。记录并分析研究对象的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、病程、白细胞计数(WBC)及NIH-CPSI评分；采用ELISA法检测前列腺液中HNL的表达水平；流式细胞术检测前列腺液中nCD64的表达水平；Pearson相关法分析CBP组HNL、nCD64水平与NIH-CPSI评分的相关性；logistic回归法分析CBP、CP/CPPS的影响因素；ROC曲线评价HNL、nCD64对CBP的诊断价值。结果 与对照组相比，CP/CPPS组、CBP组及其各亚组WBC、HNL、nCD64水平均明显升高(P<0.05)，CBP组高于CP/CPPS组，且CBP各亚组随着感染程度的加重而升高，组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CP/CPPS组与CBP组NIH-CPSI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；但中度组NIH-CPSI评分高于轻度组，重度组高于中度组和轻度组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示，CBP组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均与NIH-CPSI评分呈明显正相关(r=0.897，P<0.001；r=0.919，P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，细菌感染、HNL及nCD64是CBP的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，其他病原体感染、排尿功能失调、神经内分泌异常、免疫反应异常及盆腔相关疾病是CP/CPPS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示，前列腺液中的HNL、nCD64诊断CBP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837和0.899，最佳临界值分别为165.36 μg/L和4078.28个/细胞，两者联合诊断的AUC为0.949，具有更高的诊断价值。结论 慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平随细菌感染程度的加重而升高，二者联合检测对慢性前列腺炎的临床诊断和感染程度判断具有一定参考价值。

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韦毅，硕士研究生，主治医师，主要从事泌尿男科方面的研究。E-mail：

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韦毅，硕士研究生，主治医师，主要从事泌尿男科方面的研究。E-mail：

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韦毅，硕士研究生，主治医师，主要从事泌尿男科方面的研究。E-mail：

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Chin J Clin (Electr Edit), 2018, 12(10): 580-588., articleTitle=Meta-analysis of risk factors for chronic prostatitis in Chinese population, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268939573752592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=12, issue=10, pageStart=580, pageEnd=588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=28, authorNames=牛迪, 孟佳林, 梁朝朝, journalName=中华临床医师杂志(电子版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=[牛迪, 孟佳林, 梁朝朝. 中国人群慢性前列腺炎危险因素的Meta分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2018, 12(10): 580-588.], articleTitle=中国人群慢性前列腺炎危险因素的Meta分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268930740547940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268930748936549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, companyId=1211268930740547940, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Urology, Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268930753130854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, companyId=1211268930740547940, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广西医科大学附属民族医院泌尿外科，南宁 530001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211268930878959987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268930883154292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, companyId=1211268930878959987, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268930891542901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, companyId=1211268930878959987, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广西医科大学附属民族医院检验科，南宁 530001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1211268934226014749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The relativity of HNL and NCD64 levels in prostatic fluid to the NIH-CPSI scores in CBP patients, figureFileSmall=Q9QWqhU6vR5AJyzT28vnAw==, figureFileBig=mty7Yb8MVqul8YdpYYwO2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211268934309900836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=CN, label=图1, caption=慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平与NIH-CPSI评分的相关性

HNL. 人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白；nCD64. 中性粒细胞CD64；NIH-CPSI. 美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数

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HNL. 人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白；nCD64. 中性粒细胞CD64；CBP. 慢性细菌性前列腺炎

, figureFileSmall=tuVouMyWEUTubTcIKYYCFQ==, figureFileBig=L71LEZ22dJPMsMP+5meRSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211268934691582532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of general data of chronic prostatitis patients in each group ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别年龄(岁)BMI(kg/m2)病程(月)WBC(个/HP)NIH-CPSI评分(分)
对照组(n=40)38.3±4.124.32±1.51–3.92±0.41– 
CP/CPPS组(n=40)37.9±4.124.16±1.4922.07±2.516.83±1.56(1)27.08±2.76
CBP组(n=138)38.6±4.223.85±1.4221.24±2.3813.15±3.42(1)(2)26.37±2.73
 轻度组(n=65)38.6±4.123.79±1.4521.16±2.329.69±2.37(1)(2)10.93±1.28
 中度组(n=46)37.9±4.124.21±1.5022.01±2.4312.34±3.25(1)(2)(3)25.41±2.67(3)
 重度组(n=27)38.9±4.223.67±1.4321.28±2.3915.79±4.38(1)(2)(3)(4)38.62±4.05(3)(4)
F0.8250.3580.6372.4673.531
P0.4140.1760.9740.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1211268934897103434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组慢性前列腺炎患者一般资料比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别年龄(岁)BMI(kg/m2)病程(月)WBC(个/HP)NIH-CPSI评分(分)
对照组(n=40)38.3±4.124.32±1.51–3.92±0.41– 
CP/CPPS组(n=40)37.9±4.124.16±1.4922.07±2.516.83±1.56(1)27.08±2.76
CBP组(n=138)38.6±4.223.85±1.4221.24±2.3813.15±3.42(1)(2)26.37±2.73
 轻度组(n=65)38.6±4.123.79±1.4521.16±2.329.69±2.37(1)(2)10.93±1.28
 中度组(n=46)37.9±4.124.21±1.5022.01±2.4312.34±3.25(1)(2)(3)25.41±2.67(3)
 重度组(n=27)38.9±4.223.67±1.4321.28±2.3915.79±4.38(1)(2)(3)(4)38.62±4.05(3)(4)
F0.8250.3580.6372.4673.531
P0.4140.1760.9740.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1211268934985183830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of HNL and nCD64 levels in prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients in each group ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目HNL(μg/L)nCD64(个/细胞)
对照组(n=40)23.58±9.46849.35±92.16
CP/CPPS组(n=40)61.37±25.83(1)872.24±97.38
CBP组(n=138)226.72±101.59(1)(2)4863.59±231.45(1)(2)
 轻度组(n=65)138.81±64.37(1)(2)3978.93±186.27(1)(2)
 中度组(n=46)252.49±117.83(1)(2)(3)4912.06±242.19(1)(2)(3)
 重度组(n=27)348.64±176.95(1)(2)(3)(4)5647.12±288.53(1)(2)(3)(4)
F3.9284.531
P0.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1211268935131984473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目HNL(μg/L)nCD64(个/细胞)
对照组(n=40)23.58±9.46849.35±92.16
CP/CPPS组(n=40)61.37±25.83(1)872.24±97.38
CBP组(n=138)226.72±101.59(1)(2)4863.59±231.45(1)(2)
 轻度组(n=65)138.81±64.37(1)(2)3978.93±186.27(1)(2)
 中度组(n=46)252.49±117.83(1)(2)(3)4912.06±242.19(1)(2)(3)
 重度组(n=27)348.64±176.95(1)(2)(3)(4)5647.12±288.53(1)(2)(3)(4)
F3.9284.531
P0.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1211268935232647775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of CBP and CP/CPPS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βSEWaldPOR(95%CI)
CBP
 细菌感染2.6830.9274.1050.0002.629(1.386~4.725)
 HNL1.7590.8362.9470.0114.057(2.412~5.698)
 nCD641.3670.6153.7210.0253.246(1.805~6.437)
CP/CPPS
 其他病原体感染2.2340.8313.8490.0034.986(3.124~6.857)
 排尿功能失调0.9720.6471.3540.0241.692(1.038~2.746)
 神经内分泌异常0.7510.8732.0160.0321.843(1.257~3.138)
 免疫反应异常1.3680.7962.5830.0273.359(2.185~4.646)
 盆腔相关疾病0.8290.6581.4270.0152.278(1.346~3.751)
), ArticleFig(id=1211268935329116775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268929138323731, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CBP、CP/CPPS影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βSEWaldPOR(95%CI)
CBP
 细菌感染2.6830.9274.1050.0002.629(1.386~4.725)
 HNL1.7590.8362.9470.0114.057(2.412~5.698)
 nCD641.3670.6153.7210.0253.246(1.805~6.437)
CP/CPPS
 其他病原体感染2.2340.8313.8490.0034.986(3.124~6.857)
 排尿功能失调0.9720.6471.3540.0241.692(1.038~2.746)
 神经内分泌异常0.7510.8732.0160.0321.843(1.257~3.138)
 免疫反应异常1.3680.7962.5830.0273.359(2.185~4.646)
 盆腔相关疾病0.8290.6581.4270.0152.278(1.346~3.751)
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人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白和中性粒细胞CD64在慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中的表达及其意义
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韦毅 1 , 农君仁 1 , 吴秋龙 2 , 卢国平 1
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2021,46(2): 163-168
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2021, 46(2): 163-168
人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白和中性粒细胞CD64在慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中的表达及其意义
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韦毅1 , 农君仁1, 吴秋龙2, 卢国平1
作者信息
  • 1广西医科大学附属民族医院泌尿外科，南宁 530001
  • 2广西医科大学附属民族医院检验科，南宁 530001

    • 韦毅，硕士研究生，主治医师，主要从事泌尿男科方面的研究。E-mail：

Expression and significance of human neutrophil lipocalin and neutrophil CD64 in prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients with different degrees of infection
Yi Wei1 , Jun-Ren Nong1, Qiu-Long Wu2, Guo-Ping Lu1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Urology, Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530001, China
  • 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530001, China
出版时间: 2021-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.02.09
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摘要
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目的 探讨人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(HNL)和中性粒细胞CD64(nCD64)在慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中的表达及其意义。方法 选取2017年2月—2019年10月广西医科大学附属民族医院收治的慢性前列腺炎患者178例，根据是否感染细菌分为慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征组(CP/CPPS组，n=40)与慢性细菌性前列腺炎组(CBP组，n=138)，然后根据美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)评分将CBP组分为轻度组(n=65)、中度组(n=46)与重度组(n=27)；另选择同期在该院进行健康体检者40名作为对照组。记录并分析研究对象的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、病程、白细胞计数(WBC)及NIH-CPSI评分；采用ELISA法检测前列腺液中HNL的表达水平；流式细胞术检测前列腺液中nCD64的表达水平；Pearson相关法分析CBP组HNL、nCD64水平与NIH-CPSI评分的相关性；logistic回归法分析CBP、CP/CPPS的影响因素；ROC曲线评价HNL、nCD64对CBP的诊断价值。结果 与对照组相比，CP/CPPS组、CBP组及其各亚组WBC、HNL、nCD64水平均明显升高(P<0.05)，CBP组高于CP/CPPS组，且CBP各亚组随着感染程度的加重而升高，组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CP/CPPS组与CBP组NIH-CPSI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；但中度组NIH-CPSI评分高于轻度组，重度组高于中度组和轻度组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示，CBP组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均与NIH-CPSI评分呈明显正相关(r=0.897，P<0.001；r=0.919，P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，细菌感染、HNL及nCD64是CBP的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，其他病原体感染、排尿功能失调、神经内分泌异常、免疫反应异常及盆腔相关疾病是CP/CPPS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示，前列腺液中的HNL、nCD64诊断CBP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837和0.899，最佳临界值分别为165.36 μg/L和4078.28个/细胞，两者联合诊断的AUC为0.949，具有更高的诊断价值。结论 慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平随细菌感染程度的加重而升高，二者联合检测对慢性前列腺炎的临床诊断和感染程度判断具有一定参考价值。

人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白  /  中性粒细胞CD64  /  慢性前列腺炎  /  前列腺液

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) and neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) in prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients with different infection degrees. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight patients with chronic prostatitis admitted to the Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February 2017 to October 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to whether they were infected with bacteria, the patients were divided into chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes group (CP/CPPS group, n=40) and chronic bacterial prostatitis group (CBP group, n=138). According to National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI)score, CBP group was divided into mild group (n=65), moderate group (n=46) and severe group (n=27), and another 40 healthy people were selected as control group. Age, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, white blood cell (WBC), and NIH-CPSI score were recorded and analyzed. The expression level of HNL in prostatic fluid was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression level of nCD64 in prostatic fluid was detected by flow cytometry. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between both HNL and NCD64 levels and NIH-CPSI score in the CBP group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of CBP and CP/CPPS. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of HNL and nCD64 for CBP. Results Compared with the control group, WBC, HNL and nCD64 levels in CP/CPPS group, CBP group and its subgroups were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the CBP group was higher than CP/CPPS group, and the CBP subgroup increased with the increase of infection degree, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in NIH-CPSI score between CP/CPPS group and CBP group (P>0.05), but NIH-CPSI score of moderate group was higher than that of mild group, and that of severe group was higher than that of moderate group and mild group(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of HNL and nCD64 in prostatic fluid of CBP group were significantly positively correlated with NIH-CPSI score (r=0.897, P<0.001; r=0.919, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bacterial infection, HNL, and nCD64 were independent risk factors for CBP (P<0.05). Other pathogen infections, urinary dysfunction, neuroendocrine abnormalities, abnormal immune response, and pelvis related diseases were independent risk factors for CP/CPPS (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that HNL and nCD64 in prostatic fluid had higher diagnostic value for the occurrence of CBP, area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.837 and 0.899 respectively, and the best critical values were 165.36 μg/L and 4078.28/cells respectively. The combination of the two (HNL and nCD64) had higher diagnostic value, with AUC of 0.949. Conclusion The levels of HNL and nCD64 in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis increased with the aggravation of the bacterial infection, showing a positive correlation, and the combined monitoring of HNL and nCD64 is of reference value for clinical diagnosis and the judgment of infection degree.

human neutrophil lipocalin  /  neutrophil CD64  /  chronic prostatitis  /  prostatic fluid
韦毅, 农君仁, 吴秋龙, 卢国平. 人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白和中性粒细胞CD64在慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中的表达及其意义. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (2) : 163 -168 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.02.09
Yi Wei, Jun-Ren Nong, Qiu-Long Wu, Guo-Ping Lu. Expression and significance of human neutrophil lipocalin and neutrophil CD64 in prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients with different degrees of infection[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (2) : 163 -168 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.02.09
正文
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慢性前列腺炎，作为一种中青年男性多发的泌尿生殖系统疾病，包括慢性细菌性前列腺炎(chronic bacterial prostatitis，CBP)和慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes，CP/CPPS)[1-2]，临床主要表现为疼痛和排尿异常。慢性疼痛致使患者生活质量严重下降，且治疗不当极易引发性功能障碍，甚至导致不育，因此及时快速诊断、准确掌握病情进展从而实现合理用药是治疗成功的关键[3-4]。中性粒细胞CD64(neutrophil CD64，nCD64)可介导中性粒细胞的吞噬作用，被公认为是诊断细菌性感染的标志物[5]。人中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(human neutrophil lipocalin，HNL)又被称作人中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin，NGAL)，在机体异常时受外周血中性粒细胞的影响而从细胞中释放出来，常被用于细菌、病毒感染的鉴别诊断[6-9]。目前，关于慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64表达变化与感染程度的关系研究较少。本研究通过检测慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64的表达水平并分析其与疾病感染程度的关系，探讨了HNL、nCD64对慢性前列腺炎的临床诊断和病情评估价值。
1 资料与方法
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1.1 一般资料
选取2017年2月—2019年10月广西医科大学附属民族医院收治的慢性前列腺炎患者178例，年龄20~55(38.6±4.1)岁，体重指数(body mass index，BMI)为(23.97±1.46) kg/m2，病程5~43(21.38±2.45)个月，美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index，NIH-CPSI)评分为(16.89±2.53)分。根据是否感染细菌分为CP/CPPS组(40例，细菌培养阴性)与CBP组(138例，细菌培养阳性)，然后根据NIH-CPSI评分将CBP组患者分为轻度组(65例)、中度组(46例)与重度组(27例)。另选择同期于本院进行健康体检者40名作为对照组。年龄21~54(38.3±4.1)岁，BMI(24.32±1.51) kg/m2。本研究经广西医科大学附属民族医院医学伦理委员会审批(20170138)，所有研究对象均知情同意。
1.2 相关标准
1.2.1 诊断标准
参照中华医学会泌尿外科学分会颁布的《慢性前列腺炎中西医结合诊疗专家共识》[10]。(1)以下临床症状持续或反复3个月以上：尿道口出现黏性分泌物，不同程度的排尿不畅、尿痛、尿急、尿频、尿道灼热以及夜尿增多等排尿异常症状；自觉阴囊潮湿，不同程度的阴茎、会阴、尿道、肛周部等骨盆区域疼痛。(2)体格检查：触诊前列腺质地较韧，或有腺体饱满，或软硬不均，或有炎性结节；有局限性压痛。(3)前列腺按摩液检查：白细胞计数(white blood cell count，WBC)>10个/高倍镜视野(HP)，卵磷脂小体数量减少或消失。(4)细菌培养：采用“两杯法”，前列腺按摩前细菌培养阴阳性均可，按摩后阳性则为CBP；前列腺按摩前后细菌培养均阴性为CP/CPPS。
1.2.2 纳入标准
符合以上慢性前列腺炎诊断标准；病程>3个月；年龄>20岁；前列腺按摩液均由同一医护人员按照相同标准采集。
1.2.3 排除标准
合并其他急、慢性感染；合并严重心脑血管、肝、肾等原发疾病；合并精囊炎、淋病、非淋菌性尿道炎、尿道狭窄、良性前列腺增生及前列腺癌等；合并严重精神和神经疾病；近1个月接受过有可能影响本研究结果的检查治疗；因标本量过少、实验分散而漏做导致报告数据不完整者。
1.2.4 NIH-CPSI评分标准[11]
疼痛症状有4项，排尿症状有2项，症状严重程度有2项，生活质量有1项，共9项，分数0~43分。总评分1~14分为轻度，15~29分为中度，30~43分为重度，病情越严重则NIH-CPSI评分越高。
1.3 标本采集
标本采集采用“两杯法”，碘附常规消毒尿道外口，留取10 ml中段尿液收集于加盖无菌管中，经直肠按摩前列腺，用加盖无菌管收集前列腺液，最后尿道外口残留的1滴前列腺液用于常规检查，再用碘附消毒尿道外口，留取10 ml初段尿液。两次收集的尿液用于实验室细菌检查，收集的前列腺液保存于–80 ℃备用。
1.4 前列腺液中HNL、nCD64表达水平的检测
采用HNL检测试剂盒(长春博德生物技术有限责任公司，注册证号20162400304)，以ELISA法检测前列腺液中HNL的表达水平，严格参照试剂盒说明书步骤操作。采用CD64-PE抗体检测试剂盒(货号340768，美国BD公司)和流式细胞仪(FACS Calibur，美国BD公司)检测nCD64的表达水平。取两支流式专用试管，分别加入50 μl前列腺液，再分别加入CD64-PE抗体和同型阴性对照，混匀后室温避光孵育15 min，加入红细胞裂解液并混匀，避光作用10 min，PBS洗涤，离心弃上清，将细胞悬浮于PBS溶液中，混匀，静置10 min，置于流式细胞仪检测并计算nCD64的表达水平。
1.5 CP/CPPS的影响因素定义
其他病原体感染包括支原体、沙眼衣原体、病毒、真菌、滴虫及寄生虫。排尿功能失调包括逼尿肌-括约肌协同失调、功能性尿路梗阻及尿流率降低。神经内分泌异常指局部病理刺激经神经调节后异常释放激素等各种物质引发其他内脏器官疼痛进而牵涉前列腺。免疫反应异常指坏死组织、病原体残余碎片以及前列腺来源的某些精浆蛋白作为抗原诱发的前列腺免疫反应。盆腔相关疾病包括不适当的性活动、久坐等引起的慢性盆腔充血、精索静脉曲张、痔、前列腺外周带静脉丛扩张等。
1.6 统计学处理
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示，两组间比较采用独立t检验，多组间比较采用单因素方差分析，进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。采用Pearson相关法分析CBP组HNL、nCD64水平与NIH-CPSI评分的相关性，logistic回归法分析CBP、CP/CPPS的影响因素，受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve，ROC)评价HNL、nCD64对CBP的诊断价值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
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2.1 一般资料比较
各组研究对象的年龄、BMI和病程差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比，CP/CPPS组、CBP组及其各亚组前列腺液中WBC均明显升高(P<0.05)；CBP各亚组前列腺液中WBC均高于CP/CPPS组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；轻度组、中度组和重度组前列腺液中WBC依次升高，组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CP/CPPS组与CBP组NIH-CPSI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但中度组NIH-CPSI评分高于轻度组，重度组高于中度组和轻度组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05，表1)。
2.2 前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平比较
与对照组比较，CP/CPPS组前列腺液中HNL水平明显升高(P<0.05)，nCD64水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CBP各亚组HNL、nCD64水平均明显高于对照组和CP/CPPS组(P<0.05)。轻度组、中度组和重度组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均依次升高，组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05，表2)。
2.3 HNL、nCD64水平与NIH-CPSI评分的相关性分析
Pearson相关分析结果显示，CBP组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均与NIH-CPSI评分呈明显正相关(r=0.897，P<0.001；r=0.919，P<0.001，图1)。
2.4 CBP、CP/CPPS的影响因素分析
将细菌感染，前列腺液中的WBC、HNL、nCD64，其他病原体感染(排除细菌感染)，排尿功能失调，神经内分泌异常，免疫反应异常，盆腔相关疾病作为自变量(赋值：是=1，否=0)，前列腺液中的WBC、HNL及nCD64为连续数值型变量，直接纳入实测值，将CBP、CP/CPPS发生情况作为因变量(赋值：发生=1，未发生=0)，行多因素logistic回归分析发现，细菌感染、HNL及nCD64是CBP的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，其他病原体感染、排尿功能失调、神经内分泌异常、免疫反应异常及盆腔相关疾病是CP/CPPS的独立危险因素(P<0.05，表3)。
2.5 HNL、nCD64对CBP的诊断价值
ROC曲线分析结果显示，前列腺液中HNL、nCD64诊断CBP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837、0.899，最佳临界值分别为165.36 μg/L、4078.28个/细胞，敏感度分别为83.2%、88.7%，特异度分别为80.8%、85.3%。HNL、nCD64联合诊断的AUC为0.949，敏感度为95.4%，特异度为92.6%，二者联合诊断CBP的价值更高(图2)。
3 讨论
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慢性前列腺炎临床症状多变，病程复杂，极易反复发作，是诱发前列腺增生和前列腺癌等疾病的重要因素[12]。传统分类方法中，CBP和慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(chronic nonbacterial prostatitis，CNP)均属于慢性前列腺炎范畴[13]。美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health，NIH)新的分类方法中，Ⅱ型即CBP，Ⅲ型即CP/CPPS，包括CNP和前列腺痛(prostatodynia，PD)[14]。临床上，CBP常有下尿路感染反复发作或致病菌于前列腺液中持续存在的情况出现。CP/CPPS以患者长期反复出现骨盆区域疼痛，并伴发不同程度的排尿异常甚至性功能障碍为主要表现。
作为常用的评估炎症反应的实验室指标，通常情况下WBC越高表明炎症反应越严重。本研究发现，CP/CPPS组、CBP组及其各亚组前列腺液中WBC均高于对照组，CBP各亚组均高于CP/CPPS组；轻度组、中度组和重度组前列腺液中WBC依次升高。分析原因为，CP/CPPS分为WBC升高的炎症性CP/CPPS和WBC正常的非炎症性CP/CPPS，而本研究未将CP/CPPS组按照WBC情况进行详细分组，因此CP/CPPS组WBC明显高于对照组，但明显低于有细菌感染的CBP组，且结果提示CBP组中细菌感染程度随病情加重而加重。NIH-CPSI评分常用于评估慢性前列腺炎患者病情的严重程度。本研究中CP/CPPS组与CBP组NIH-CPSI评分无明显差异，提示两组患者的病情无差异；CBP中度组NIH-CPSI评分高于轻度组，重度组高于中度组和轻度组，分析原因为细菌感染是导致CBP发病的主要因素，因此病情越重，NIH-CPSI评分越高，细菌感染越严重。
通常情况下，免疫球蛋白超家族成员中的CD64在中性粒细胞表面表达水平较低，当发生细菌感染时，细菌脂多糖和细胞因子则促使中性粒细胞大量表达跨膜糖蛋白CD64分子，并特异性识别免疫球蛋白G的Fc段，进而参与机体免疫反应。因此CD64水平常被用作监测细菌感染性疾病严重程度的重要指标[15]。既往研究报道，细菌感染组CD64的阳性表达率明显高于非细菌感染组[16]。与非感染组和局部感染组相比，败血症组CD64水平明显升高，且CD64水平在败血症初期、中期和恢复期逐渐下降[17]。正常机体中，HNL处于稳定状态，当被致病菌感染后，活化的外周血中性粒细胞会将HNL由细胞内释放至细胞外，导致HNL含量增加。有研究显示，急性细菌感染患者血清HNL浓度明显高于健康者和急性病毒感染患者[18]。血清HNL水平可用于脓毒症严重程度的评估，感染性休克患者血清HNL水平明显高于脓毒症患者和健康者[19]。因此，血清HNL水平也是判断细菌感染性疾病严重程度的敏感指标[20]。早期研究证实，HNL水平在细菌感染时显著升高，病毒感染时轻度升高，因此，HNL可用于细菌、病毒感染的鉴别诊断，而nCD64则仅是诊断细菌性感染的标志物[21]。本研究中CP/CPPS组患者可能存在病毒感染的情况，因此，与对照组比较，CP/CPPS组前列腺液中HNL水平明显升高，而nCD64水平差异无统计学意义。CBP各亚组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均明显高于对照组和CP/CPPS组，轻度组、中度组和重度组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平依次升高，表明前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均与细菌感染有关，且随感染程度的加重而升高。Pearson相关分析结果显示，CBP组前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平均与NIH-CPSI评分呈明显正相关，进一步证实前列腺按摩液中HNL、nCD64水平可用于判断CBP的感染严重程度。
CBP多因葡萄球菌属、棒状杆菌属、肠球菌属及大肠埃希菌等细菌性病原体逆行感染而发病[22]。目前普遍认为多种病因共同导致了CP/CPPS，虽然尚未有可靠证据，但有研究报道，病毒、真菌、沙眼衣原体等病原体感染，盆底神经肌肉的异常活动以及炎症可能是CP/CPPS的重要致病因素[23]。本研究多因素logistic回归分析显示，细菌感染、HNL及nCD64是CBP的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，其他病原体感染、排尿功能失调、神经内分泌异常、免疫反应异常及盆腔相关疾病是CP/CPPS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，与既往研究结果一致[23]。ROC曲线分析显示，前列腺液中HNL、nCD64诊断CBP的最佳临界值分别为165.36 μg/L和4078.28个/细胞，AUC分别为0.837和0.899，二者单独诊断的价值相当，但联合诊断的AUC最大(0.949)，敏感度和特异度更高，因此诊断价值更大。
综上所述，本研究结果表明，慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中HNL、nCD64水平随细菌感染程度的加重而升高，且具有正相关性，联合检测HNL和nCD64对临床诊断和感染程度的判断有一定参考价值。后续研究仍需进一步探讨应用HNL、nCD64评估CBP患者预后的临床价值，以期为CBP的病情和预后评估提供更准确、高效、便捷的临床指标。
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2021年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.02.09
  • 接收时间：2020-11-20
  • 首发时间：2025-12-26
  • 出版时间：2021-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2020-11-20
  • 修回日期：2021-01-19
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    1广西医科大学附属民族医院泌尿外科，南宁 530001
    2广西医科大学附属民族医院检验科，南宁 530001
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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