Article(id=1211268826860220716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1591891200000, receivedDateStr=2020-06-12, revisedDate=1605456000000, revisedDateStr=2020-11-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766718592610, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1611763200000, pubDateStr=2021-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766718592610, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766718592610, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718592610, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211268819788632695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766718590924, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718828068, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269814484594852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269814484594853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=64, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211268827489366341, articleId=1211268826860220716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on the relativity and its diagnostic value of diabetic retinopathy to diabetic nephropathy, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy are two chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. Some studies have shown that the both microvascular complications possess similar pathological mechanisms and some differences. The gold standard for clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is the pathology of renal biopsy. Of which, however, the acceptance of patients and the popularity of the technology have been limited for its invasiveness and technical difficulty. Therefore, the key to solve this problem is to seek a reliable noninvasive diagnosis method. The diabetic retinopathy diagnosed by color fundus photography opens the possibility of noninvasive diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. A growing number of studies have shown that it has a high degree of credibility and feasibility to combine diabetic retinopathy and other clinical indicators to assist in diagnosing diabetic nephropathy. The effects and diagnostic value of diabetic retinopathy on diabetic nephropathy, therefore, have been reviewed in present article.

, correspAuthors=Xiang-Mei Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuang-Shuang Jiang, Xiao-Niao Chen, Zhe-Yi Dong, Qian Wang, Xiang-Mei Chen), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211268828391141764, articleId=1211268826860220716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病的相关性及其诊断价值研究进展, columnId=1190243276029530637, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

糖尿病视网膜病变及糖尿病肾病是糖尿病的两种慢性微血管并发症,二者有相似的病理机制,同时也存在差异。临床上诊断糖尿病肾病的金标准是肾组织活检病理,但由于其有创性和技术难度使患者的接受度和技术普及度受到限制,寻求可靠的无创诊断方法是解决这一问题的关键。基于彩色眼底照相技术诊断糖尿病视网膜病变为无创诊断糖尿病肾病提供了可能。越来越多的研究表明,结合糖尿病视网膜病变及其他临床指标辅助诊断糖尿病肾病具有较高的可信度及可行性。该文就糖尿病视网膜病变对糖尿病肾病的影响及其诊断价值进行综述。

, correspAuthors=陈香美, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈香美,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Pakrz9WZl9gsqK2rfyj0vQ==, magXml=n/VDlp0AgMsgQFtmQffNdw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tkOKTYoaYeF62Idv7oavCQ==, pdfFileSize=2077144, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VHLktOvO+PtOwbak9SMzIw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

蒋双双,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病合并肾脏疾病的相关研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=蒋双双, 陈小鸟, 董哲毅, 王倩, 陈香美)}, authors=[Author(id=1211268829020287400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiang_double@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211268829112562096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268829020287400, language=EN, stringName=Shuang-Shuang Jiang, firstName=Shuang-Shuang, middleName=null, lastName=Jiang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211268829234196915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268829020287400, language=CN, stringName=蒋双双, firstName=双双, middleName=null, lastName=蒋, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006
2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853, bio={"content":"

蒋双双,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病合并肾脏疾病的相关研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

蒋双双,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病合并肾脏疾病的相关研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268828722491795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828735074709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828722491795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828743463318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828722491795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211268828806377883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828814766491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828818960796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853)])]), Author(id=1211268829343248824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211268829456495039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268829343248824, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-Niao Chen, firstName=Xiao-Niao, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211268829536186820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268829343248824, language=CN, stringName=陈小鸟, firstName=小鸟, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3首都医科大学附属同仁医院眼科中心,北京 100730, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268828919624097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828928012706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828919624097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828932207011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828919624097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3首都医科大学附属同仁医院眼科中心,北京 100730)])]), Author(id=1211268829649433037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211268829796233683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268829649433037, language=EN, stringName=Zhe-Yi Dong, firstName=Zhe-Yi, middleName=null, lastName=Dong, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211268829913674200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268829649433037, language=CN, stringName=董哲毅, firstName=哲毅, middleName=null, lastName=董, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268828806377883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828814766491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828818960796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853)])]), Author(id=1211268830047891936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211268830211469804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268830047891936, language=EN, stringName=Qian Wang, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211268830379241969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268830047891936, language=CN, stringName=王倩, firstName=倩, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268828806377883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828814766491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828818960796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853)])]), Author(id=1211268831595590134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xmchen301@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211268831838859774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268831595590134, language=EN, stringName=Xiang-Mei Chen, firstName=Xiang-Mei, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211268831977271814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, authorId=1211268831595590134, language=CN, stringName=陈香美, firstName=香美, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006
2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268828722491795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828735074709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828722491795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828743463318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828722491795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211268828806377883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828814766491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828818960796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1211268832098906637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=diabetic retinopathy), Keyword(id=1211268832182792721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=diabetic nephropathy), Keyword(id=1211268832291844628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=diagnosis), Keyword(id=1211268832392507927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=糖尿病视网膜病变), Keyword(id=1211268832522531353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=糖尿病肾病), Keyword(id=1211268832619000349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=诊断)], refs=[Reference(id=1211268834082812485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=138, issue=null, pageStart=271, pageEnd=281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, journalName=Diabetes Res Clin Pract, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 138: 271-281., articleTitle=IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834191864394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Li ZC, Chen JB, Zhang HB, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li ZC, Chen JB, Zhang HB, et al. Plasma proteomics research in patients with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2019, 44(1): 42-50., articleTitle=Plasma proteomics research in patients with diabetic retinopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834288333391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=李志琛, 陈建斌, 张华北, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[李志琛, 陈建斌, 张华北, 等. 糖尿病视网膜病变血浆差异蛋白分析[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2019, 44(1): 42-50.], articleTitle=糖尿病视网膜病变血浆差异蛋白分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834397385300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Liu C, Cao JY, Zhang J, journalName=Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C, Cao JY, Zhang J, et al. A study of the value of backscatter integration in the diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy[J]. Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, 2019, 7(5): 290-291, 294., articleTitle=A study of the value of backscatter integration in the diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834498048598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=刘聪, 曹军英, 张筠, journalName=创伤与急危重病医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[刘聪, 曹军英, 张筠, 等. 背向散射积分对糖尿病早期视网膜病变诊断价值研究[J]. 创伤与急危重病医学, 2019, 7(5): 290-291, 294.], articleTitle=背向散射积分对糖尿病早期视网膜病变诊断价值研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834615489113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=85, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Cheng HM, Zhang L, Chen XM, journalName=Chin J Kidney Dis Invest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng HM, Zhang L, Chen XM. Advances in research on the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Kidney Dis Invest, 2019, 8(2): 85-90., articleTitle=Advances in research on the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834699375196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=85, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=成海梅, 张利, 陈香美, journalName=中华肾病研究电子杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[成海梅, 张利, 陈香美. 糖尿病肾病与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究进展[J]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2019, 8(2): 85-90.], articleTitle=糖尿病肾病与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834787455583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=8, pageStart=107613, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Paul S, Ali A, Katare R, journalName=J Diabetes Complications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paul S, Ali A, Katare R. Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2020, 34(8): 107613., articleTitle=Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268834925867619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=2, pageStart=119, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Volpe CMO, Villar-Delfino PH, Dos Anjos PMF, journalName=Cell Death Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Volpe CMO, Villar-Delfino PH, Dos Anjos PMF, et al. Cellular death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diabetic complications[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(2): 119., articleTitle=Cellular death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diabetic complications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836150604390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=null, pageStart=6446, pageEnd=6453, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Cao X, Gong X, Ma X, journalName=Med Sci Monit, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao X, Gong X, Ma X. Diabetic nephropathy versus diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese population: a retrospective study[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2019, 25: 6446-6453., articleTitle=Diabetic nephropathy versus diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese population: a retrospective study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836259656298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=11, issue=2, pageStart=e0149448, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Mundet-Tuduri X, Miravet-Jimenez S, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Mundet-Tuduri X, Miravet-Jimenez S, et al. Chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(2): e0149448., articleTitle=Chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836372902508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=9, pageStart=e031194, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Zhuang X, Cao D, Yang D, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhuang X, Cao D, Yang D, et al. Association of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with renal function in southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-centre observational study[J]. BMJ Open, 2019, 9(9): e031194., articleTitle=Association of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with renal function in southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-centre observational study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836460982895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=467, pageEnd=478, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Pearce I, Simo R, Lovestam-Adrian M, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pearce I, Simo R, Lovestam-Adrian M, et al. Association between diabetic eye disease and other complications of diabetes:Implications for care. A systematic review[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2019, 21(3): 467-478., articleTitle=Association between diabetic eye disease and other complications of diabetes:Implications for care. A systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836540674673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=1013, pageEnd=1024, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Lou J, Jing L, Yang H, journalName=Int J Health Plann Manage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lou J, Jing L, Yang H, et al. Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis[J]. Int J Health Plann Manage, 2019, 34(3): 1013-1024., articleTitle=Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836645532276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=11, issue=8, pageStart=e0161897, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Jeng CJ, Hsieh YT, Yang CM, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jeng CJ, Hsieh YT, Yang CM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic nephropathy: development and progression[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): e0161897., articleTitle=Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic nephropathy: development and progression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836721029753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=64, issue=2, pageStart=631, pageEnd=642, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications(EDIC) Research Group, Lachin JM, White NH, journalName=Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications(EDIC) Research Group, Lachin JM, White NH, et al. Effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: 18 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC[J]. Diabetes, 2015, 64(2): 631-642., articleTitle=Effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: 18 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836804915836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=de Boer IH, Group DER, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Boer IH, Group DER. Kidney disease and related findings in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2014, 37(1): 24-30., articleTitle=Kidney disease and related findings in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836897190529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=745, pageEnd=752, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Song KH, Jeong JS, Kim MK, journalName=J Diabetes Investig, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song KH, Jeong JS, Kim MK, et al. Discordance in risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Diabetes Investig, 2019, 10(3): 745-752., articleTitle=Discordance in risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268836989465221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=33, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Cardoso CRL, Leite NC, Moram CBM, journalName=Cardiovasc Diabetol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cardoso CRL, Leite NC, Moram CBM, et al. Long-term visit-to-visit glycemic variability as predictor of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes:The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2018, 17(1): 33., articleTitle=Long-term visit-to-visit glycemic variability as predictor of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes:The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837056574086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Yang H, Young D, Gao J, journalName=Lipids Health Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang H, Young D, Gao J, et al. Are blood lipids associated with microvascular complications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients? A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2019, 18(1): 18., articleTitle=Are blood lipids associated with microvascular complications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients? A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837148848778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=2, pageStart=117, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Faselis C, Katsimardou A, Imprialos K, journalName=Curr Vasc Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Faselis C, Katsimardou A, Imprialos K, et al. Microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2020, 18(2): 117-124., articleTitle=Microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837241123469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=1963, pageEnd=1972, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Yang Z, Feng L, Huang Y, journalName=Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Z, Feng L, Huang Y, et al. A differential diagnosis model for diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with chronic kidney disease[J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2019, 12: 1963-1972., articleTitle=A differential diagnosis model for diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837329203857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=56, issue=3, pageStart=457, pageEnd=466, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=22, authorNames=He F, Xia X, Wu XF, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He F, Xia X, Wu XF, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in predicting diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal disease: a meta-analysis[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(3): 457-466., articleTitle=Diabetic retinopathy in predicting diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal disease: a meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837408895635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=62, issue=2, pageStart=68, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Jiang S, Yu T, Zhang Z, journalName=Ophthalmic Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang S, Yu T, Zhang Z, et al. Diagnostic performance of retinopathy in the detection of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies[J]. Ophthalmic Res, 2019, 62(2): 68-79., articleTitle=Diagnostic performance of retinopathy in the detection of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837513753237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=130, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Jiang S, Fang J, Yu T, journalName=Am J Nephrol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang S, Fang J, Yu T, et al. Novel model predicts diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes[J]. Am J Nephrol, 2020, 51(2): 130-138., articleTitle=Novel model predicts diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837580862104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=127, issue=1, pageStart=P66, pageEnd=P145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, journalName=Ophthalmology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Diabetic retinopathy preferred practice pattern®[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(1): P66-P145., articleTitle=Diabetic retinopathy preferred practice pattern®, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837673136797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=429, pageEnd=443, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Zhao L, Ren H, Zhang J, journalName=Endocr Pract, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao L, Ren H, Zhang J, et al. Diabetic retinopathy, classified using the lesion-aware deep learning system, predicts diabetic end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients[J]. Endocr Pract, 2020, 26(4): 429-443., articleTitle=Diabetic retinopathy, classified using the lesion-aware deep learning system, predicts diabetic end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837752828574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=509, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Lin HT, Zheng CM, Wu YC, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin HT, Zheng CM, Wu YC, et al. Diabetic retinopathy as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression: a multicenter case-control study in Taiwan[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(3): 509., articleTitle=Diabetic retinopathy as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression: a multicenter case-control study in Taiwan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837824131744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=14, issue=7, pageStart=e0220506, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Park HC, Lee YK, Cho A, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park HC, Lee YK, Cho A, et al. Diabetic retinopathy is a prognostic factor for progression of chronic kidney disease in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(7): e0220506., articleTitle=Diabetic retinopathy is a prognostic factor for progression of chronic kidney disease in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837887046306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=33, issue=6, pageStart=1331, pageEnd=1336, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Sasongko MB, Wang JJ, Donaghue KC, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sasongko MB, Wang JJ, Donaghue KC, et al. Alterations in retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(6): 1331-1336., articleTitle=Alterations in retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268837979320998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=61, issue=4, pageStart=968, pageEnd=976, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Wong TY, Craig ME, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Wong TY, Craig ME, et al. The adolescent cardio-renal intervention trial (AdDIT): retinal vascular geometry and renal function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2018, 61(4): 968-976., articleTitle=The adolescent cardio-renal intervention trial (AdDIT): retinal vascular geometry and renal function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838059012777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=255, issue=2, pageStart=293, pageEnd=299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Rasmussen ML, Broe R, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, journalName=Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rasmussen ML, Broe R, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, et al. Retinal vascular geometry and its association to microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987)[J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2017, 255(2): 293-299., articleTitle=Retinal vascular geometry and its association to microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838163870379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=3107, pageEnd=3114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Hartnett ME, Martiniuk D, Byfield G, journalName=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hartnett ME, Martiniuk D, Byfield G, et al. Neutralizing VEGF decreases tortuosity and alters endothelial cell division orientation in arterioles and veins in a rat model of ROP:relevance to plus disease[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008, 49(7): 3107-3114., articleTitle=Neutralizing VEGF decreases tortuosity and alters endothelial cell division orientation in arterioles and veins in a rat model of ROP:relevance to plus disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838239367855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=68, issue=1, pageStart=172, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Onions KL, Gamez M, Buckner NR, journalName=Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Onions KL, Gamez M, Buckner NR, et al. VEGFC reduces glomerular albumin permeability and protects against alterations in VEGF receptor expression in diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes, 2019, 68(1): 172-187., articleTitle=VEGFC reduces glomerular albumin permeability and protects against alterations in VEGF receptor expression in diabetic nephropathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838352614067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=3931, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=34, authorNames=McKay GJ, Paterson EN, Maxwell AP, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McKay GJ, Paterson EN, Maxwell AP, et al. Retinal microvascular parameters are not associated with reduced renal function in a study of individuals with type 2 diabetes[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 3931., articleTitle=Retinal microvascular parameters are not associated with reduced renal function in a study of individuals with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838453277366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=114, issue=10, pageStart=1884, pageEnd=1892, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, journalName=Ophthalmology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. Retinal vessel caliber and microvascular and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: XXI:the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2007, 114(10): 1884-1892., articleTitle=Retinal vessel caliber and microvascular and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: XXI:the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838528774841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=53, issue=8, pageStart=1638, pageEnd=1646, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Klein R, Knudtson MD, Klein BE, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Klein R, Knudtson MD, Klein BE, et al. The relationship of retinal vessel diameter to changes in diabetic nephropathy structural variables in patients with type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2010, 53(8): 1638-1646., articleTitle=The relationship of retinal vessel diameter to changes in diabetic nephropathy structural variables in patients with type 1 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838608466620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=47, issue=6, pageStart=2341, pageEnd=2350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Wong TY, Islam FM, Klein R, journalName=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wong TY, Islam FM, Klein R, et al. Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2006, 47(6): 2341-2350., articleTitle=Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838704935614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=60, issue=9, pageStart=1770, pageEnd=1781, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Cheung CY, Sabanayagam C, Law AK, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheung CY, Sabanayagam C, Law AK, et al. Retinal vascular geometry and 6 year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Diabetologia, 2017, 60(9): 1770-1781., articleTitle=Retinal vascular geometry and 6 year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838780433088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=13737, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Xu X, Sun F, Wang Q, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu X, Sun F, Wang Q, et al. Comprehensive retinal vascular measurements: a novel association with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients in China[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 13737., articleTitle=Comprehensive retinal vascular measurements: a novel association with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838864319170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=63, issue=null, pageStart=20, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, journalName=Prog Retin Eye Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, et al. Mechanisms of macular edema: beyond the surface[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 63: 20-68., articleTitle=Mechanisms of macular edema: beyond the surface, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838927233732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=140, issue=1, pageStart=77, pageEnd=83, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Venkatesh P, Tibrewal S, Bhowmik D, journalName=Indian J Med Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Venkatesh P, Tibrewal S, Bhowmik D, et al. Prevalence of systemic co-morbidities in patients with various grades of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Indian J Med Res, 2014, 140(1): 77-83., articleTitle=Prevalence of systemic co-morbidities in patients with various grades of diabetic retinopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268838994342598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=27, issue=2, pageStart=98, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Koo NK, Jin HC, Kim KS, journalName=Korean J Ophthalmol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Koo NK, Jin HC, Kim KS, et al. Relationship between the morphology of diabetic macular edema and renal dysfunction in diabetes[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2013, 27(2): 98-102., articleTitle=Relationship between the morphology of diabetic macular edema and renal dysfunction in diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268839082422984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=1043, pageEnd=1050, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Temkar S, Karuppaiah N, Takkar B, journalName=Int Ophthalmol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Temkar S, Karuppaiah N, Takkar B, et al. Impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate on diabetic macular edema[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2018, 38(3): 1043-1050., articleTitle=Impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate on diabetic macular edema, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268839149531850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=62, issue=9, pageStart=1539, pageEnd=1549, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Eid S, Sas KM, Abcouwer SF, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eid S, Sas KM, Abcouwer SF, et al. New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism[J]. Diabetologia, 2019, 62(9): 1539-1549., articleTitle=New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268839225029323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=274, issue=5, pageStart=469, pageEnd=479, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Tolonen N, Hietala K, Forsblom C, journalName=J Intern Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tolonen N, Hietala K, Forsblom C, et al. Associations and interactions between lipid profiles, retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study[J]. J Intern Med, 2013, 274(5): 469-479., articleTitle=Associations and interactions between lipid profiles, retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268839338275533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=713, pageEnd=726, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Falkevall A, Mehlem A, Palombo I, journalName=Cell Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Falkevall A, Mehlem A, Palombo I, et al. Reducing VEGF-B signaling ameliorates renal lipotoxicity and protects against diabetic kidney disease[J]. Cell Metab, 2017, 25(3): 713-726., articleTitle=Reducing VEGF-B signaling ameliorates renal lipotoxicity and protects against diabetic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268839392801485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=2632, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Opazo-Rios L, Mas S, Marin-Royo G, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Opazo-Rios L, Mas S, Marin-Royo G, et al. Lipotoxicity and diabetic nephropathy: novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(7): 2632., articleTitle=Lipotoxicity and diabetic nephropathy: novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268840613343951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=554, pageEnd=561, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, journalName=Endocr Pract, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, et al. The association of serum bilirubin on kidney clinicopathologic features and renal outcome in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a biopsy-based study[J]. Endocr Pract, 2019, 25(6): 554-561., articleTitle=The association of serum bilirubin on kidney clinicopathologic features and renal outcome in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a biopsy-based study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268840680452816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2018, issue=null, pageStart=6539385, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Zhang D, Zhang W, Jin S, journalName=Int J Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang D, Zhang W, Jin S, et al. Elevated serum total bilirubin concentrations are negatively associated with diabetic retinopathy among the Chinese Northeastern population[J]. Int J Endocrinol, 2018, 2018: 6539385., articleTitle=Elevated serum total bilirubin concentrations are negatively associated with diabetic retinopathy among the Chinese Northeastern population, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268840764338898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=32, issue=11, pageStart=1000, pageEnd=1005, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Ren Y, Gao L, Guo X, journalName=J Diabetes Complications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren Y, Gao L, Guo X, et al. Interactive effect of serum uric acid and total bilirubin for micro-vascular disease of type 2 diabetes in China[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2018, 32(11): 1000-1005., articleTitle=Interactive effect of serum uric acid and total bilirubin for micro-vascular disease of type 2 diabetes in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268840831447764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=114, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Li X, Zhang L, Chen H, journalName=BMC Nephrol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X, Zhang L, Chen H, et al. Relationship between serum bilirubin concentrations and diabetic nephropathy in Shanghai Han's patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus[J]. BMC Nephrol, 2017, 18(1): 114., articleTitle=Relationship between serum bilirubin concentrations and diabetic nephropathy in Shanghai Han's patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268840923722454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=63, issue=8, pageStart=2613, pageEnd=2616, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Hull TD, Agarwal A, journalName=Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hull TD, Agarwal A. Bilirubin: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes, 2014, 63(8): 2613-2616., articleTitle=Bilirubin: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841020191448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=191, pageEnd=192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Thethi TK, Batuman V, journalName=J Diabetes Complications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thethi TK, Batuman V. Challenging the conventional wisdom on diabetic nephropathy: Is microalbuminuria the earliest event?[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2019, 33(3): 191-192., articleTitle=Challenging the conventional wisdom on diabetic nephropathy: Is microalbuminuria the earliest event?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841108271833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=95, issue=1, pageStart=178, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Jiang G, Luk AOY, Tam CHT, journalName=Kidney Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang G, Luk AOY, Tam CHT, et al. Progression of diabetic kidney disease and trajectory of kidney function decline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Kidney Int, 2019, 95(1): 178-187., articleTitle=Progression of diabetic kidney disease and trajectory of kidney function decline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841171186394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=1111, pageEnd=1116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Moriya T, Matsubara M, Kishihara E, journalName=J Diabetes Complications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moriya T, Matsubara M, Kishihara E, et al. Type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and concomitant microalbuminuria showed typical diabetic glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal dysfunction[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2016, 30(6): 1111-1116., articleTitle=Type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and concomitant microalbuminuria showed typical diabetic glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841238295260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=5109, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Gurung RL, Dorajoo R, Liu S, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gurung RL, Dorajoo R, Liu S, et al. Genetic markers for urine haptoglobin is associated with decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes in East Asians[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 5109., articleTitle=Genetic markers for urine haptoglobin is associated with decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes in East Asians, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841309598430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=7, issue=12, pageStart=483, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Liao WL, Chang CT, Chen CC, journalName=J Clin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao WL, Chang CT, Chen CC, et al. Urinary proteomics for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in Taiwanese patients[J]. J Clin Med, 2018, 7(12): 483., articleTitle=Urinary proteomics for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in Taiwanese patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841393484512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=253, pageEnd=260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Yang JK, Wang YY, Liu C, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang JK, Wang YY, Liu C, et al. Urine proteome specific for eye damage can predict kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes: a case-control and a 5.3-year prospective cohort study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2017, 40(2): 253-260., articleTitle=Urine proteome specific for eye damage can predict kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes: a case-control and a 5.3-year prospective cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841464787682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=101, issue=10, pageStart=3794, pageEnd=3802, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Liu JJ, Liu S, Wong MD, journalName=J Clin Endocrinol Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu JJ, Liu S, Wong MD, et al. Urinary haptoglobin predicts rapid renal function decline in asians with type 2 diabetes and early kidney disease[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2016, 101(10): 3794-3802., articleTitle=Urinary haptoglobin predicts rapid renal function decline in asians with type 2 diabetes and early kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841540285156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=513, pageEnd=518, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Kim HJ, Byun DW, Suh K, journalName=Diabetes Metab J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim HJ, Byun DW, Suh K, et al. Association between serum cystatin C and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy[J]. Diabetes Metab J, 2018, 42(6): 513-518., articleTitle=Association between serum cystatin C and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841603199718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=659, pageEnd=666, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Pilemann-Lyberg S, Hansen TW, Persson F, journalName=Nephrol Dial Transplant, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pilemann-Lyberg S, Hansen TW, Persson F, et al. Uric acid is not associated with diabetic nephropathy and other complications in type 1 diabetes[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2019, 34(4): 659-666., articleTitle=Uric acid is not associated with diabetic nephropathy and other complications in type 1 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841670308584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=BSR20180172, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Liu J, Liu X, Li Y, journalName=Biosci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J, Liu X, Li Y, et al. The association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy: a meta-analysis[J]. Biosci Rep, 2018, 38(3): BSR20180172., articleTitle=The association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy: a meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841741611754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=359, pageEnd=367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Huang N, Zhang X, Jiang Y, journalName=Int Urol Nephrol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang N, Zhang X, Jiang Y, et al. Increased levels of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor aggravate proteinuria via induction of podocyte actin rearrangement[J]. Int Urol Nephrol, 2019, 51(2): 359-367., articleTitle=Increased levels of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor aggravate proteinuria via induction of podocyte actin rearrangement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841804526316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=23, issue=6, pageStart=1940, pageEnd=1945, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Zhou J, Chen X, Xie Y, journalName=Nephrol Dial Transplant, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou J, Chen X, Xie Y, et al. A differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2008, 23(6): 1940-1945., articleTitle=A differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211268841875829486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=6, issue=6, pageStart=519, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Liu MY, Chen XM, Sun XF, journalName=J Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu MY, Chen XM, Sun XF, et al. Validation of a differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases and the establishment of a new diagnostic model[J]. J Diabetes, 2014, 6(6): 519-526., articleTitle=Validation of a differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases and the establishment of a new diagnostic model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1211268832774189598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=2016YFC1305503, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1305503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268832862269986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=2016YFC1305503, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1305503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268832954544678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=81700629, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81700629), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268833051013673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=81700629, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年基金(81700629), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268833172648494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=D171100002817002, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Project of Beijing(D171100002817002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268833298477617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=D171100002817002, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市科技计划课题(D171100002817002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268833545941560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=2019MBD-053, language=EN, fundingSource=Big Data Program from Chinese PLA General Hospital(2019MBD-053), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268833822765627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, awardId=2019MBD-053, language=CN, fundingSource=解放军总医院大数据项目(2019MBD-053), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268828722491795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828735074709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828722491795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828743463318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828722491795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211268828806377883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828814766491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828818960796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828806377883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211268828919624097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828928012706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828919624097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268828932207011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268826860220716, companyId=1211268828919624097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3首都医科大学附属同仁医院眼科中心,北京 100730)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441329971666965, delFlag=0, nameCn=解放军医学杂志, nameEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-7402, eissn=null, cn=11-1056/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262512917, updatedTime=1761735725513, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, picEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369167564968109, language=CN, name=解放军医学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725537, updatedTime=1761735725537, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369167615299758, language=EN, name=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725549, updatedTime=1761735725549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189873630562394117, websiteList=[Website(id=1189873845923287108, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761617631655, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622010471, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=解放军医学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924939378520839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629813284, updateTime=1761629813284, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939353355012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629813278, updateTime=1761629813278, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939399492362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813289, updateTime=1761629813289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939344966403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629813276, updateTime=1761629813276, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939412075276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813292, updateTime=1761629813292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939374326534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761629813283, updateTime=1761629813283, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939407880971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813291, updateTime=1761629813291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939361743621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761629813280, updateTime=1761629813280, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939386909448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629813286, updateTime=1761629813286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939395298057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629813288, updateTime=1761629813288, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189873846057504839, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761617631687, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622030030, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924968168223505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629820148, updateTime=1761629820148, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968147251982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629820143, updateTime=1761629820143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968185000724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820152, updateTime=1761629820152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968138863373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629820141, updateTime=1761629820141, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968197583638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820155, updateTime=1761629820155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968159834896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761629820146, updateTime=1761629820146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968193389333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820154, updateTime=1761629820154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968155640591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761629820145, updateTime=1761629820145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968172417810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629820149, updateTime=1761629820149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968180806419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629820151, updateTime=1761629820151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zh.jfjyxzz.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, journalPhotoCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPhotoEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病的相关性及其诊断价值研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
蒋双双 1, 2 , 陈小鸟 3 , 董哲毅 2 , 王倩 2 , 陈香美 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021,46(1): 64-70
收起
收藏切换
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021, 46(1): 64-70
糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病的相关性及其诊断价值研究进展
全屏
蒋双双1, 2 , 陈小鸟3, 董哲毅2, 王倩2, 陈香美1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006
  • 2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853
  • 3首都医科大学附属同仁医院眼科中心,北京 100730
  • 蒋双双,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病合并肾脏疾病的相关研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

陈香美,E-mail:
Research progress on the relativity and its diagnostic value of diabetic retinopathy to diabetic nephropathy
Shuang-Shuang Jiang1, 2 , Xiao-Niao Chen3, Zhe-Yi Dong2, Qian Wang2, Xiang-Mei Chen1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
  • 3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
出版时间: 2021-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11
文章导航
收藏切换

糖尿病视网膜病变及糖尿病肾病是糖尿病的两种慢性微血管并发症,二者有相似的病理机制,同时也存在差异。临床上诊断糖尿病肾病的金标准是肾组织活检病理,但由于其有创性和技术难度使患者的接受度和技术普及度受到限制,寻求可靠的无创诊断方法是解决这一问题的关键。基于彩色眼底照相技术诊断糖尿病视网膜病变为无创诊断糖尿病肾病提供了可能。越来越多的研究表明,结合糖尿病视网膜病变及其他临床指标辅助诊断糖尿病肾病具有较高的可信度及可行性。该文就糖尿病视网膜病变对糖尿病肾病的影响及其诊断价值进行综述。

糖尿病视网膜病变  /  糖尿病肾病  /  诊断

Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy are two chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. Some studies have shown that the both microvascular complications possess similar pathological mechanisms and some differences. The gold standard for clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is the pathology of renal biopsy. Of which, however, the acceptance of patients and the popularity of the technology have been limited for its invasiveness and technical difficulty. Therefore, the key to solve this problem is to seek a reliable noninvasive diagnosis method. The diabetic retinopathy diagnosed by color fundus photography opens the possibility of noninvasive diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. A growing number of studies have shown that it has a high degree of credibility and feasibility to combine diabetic retinopathy and other clinical indicators to assist in diagnosing diabetic nephropathy. The effects and diagnostic value of diabetic retinopathy on diabetic nephropathy, therefore, have been reviewed in present article.

diabetic retinopathy  /  diabetic nephropathy  /  diagnosis
蒋双双, 陈小鸟, 董哲毅, 王倩, 陈香美. 糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病的相关性及其诊断价值研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (1) : 64 -70 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11
Shuang-Shuang Jiang, Xiao-Niao Chen, Zhe-Yi Dong, Qian Wang, Xiang-Mei Chen. Research progress on the relativity and its diagnostic value of diabetic retinopathy to diabetic nephropathy[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (1) : 64 -70 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11
糖尿病是最常见的慢性代谢性疾病之一。2017年国际糖尿病联盟发布的数据显示,中国约有1.14亿成年糖尿病患者,且呈持续上升趋势;此外,预计2045年全球的成年糖尿病患者将达6.29亿[1],其导致的并发症也将迅速增多。糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)及糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症[2]。DR是成人致盲的主要原因,而DN是糖尿病患者终末期肾病的主要原因。DR的诊断需由眼科医师对患者眼底情况进行专业评估[3],而DN诊断的“金标准”是肾穿刺活检病理,作为一种有创诊断方法,其临床适用性和患者接受度受到限制。因此,寻求新的、可靠的无创诊断方法具有重要的临床意义。作为糖尿病微血管并发症,DR与DN具有相似的发病机制,视网膜血管与肾脏血管具有相似的生理结构,均能反映微循环损伤情况[4],这使通过无创的DR诊断来辅助DN的诊断成为可能。本文就DR对DN的影响及诊断价值进行综述。
糖尿病患者出现的各种代谢紊乱可激活体内多种病理生理过程,并推动微血管并发症的发生。在高糖条件下,多元醇途径开始参与葡萄糖代谢,醛糖还原酶将细胞内的葡萄糖还原为不能溶解的山梨醇,从而改变细胞膜的通透性,使大量水快速进入肾脏及视网膜内皮细胞,产生水肿导致细胞损伤。此外,晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end product,AGE)通过与其受体交互作用,使细胞内氧化应激增加,激活核因子κB,最终引起炎症反应,导致肾脏和视网膜血管功能障碍[5]。另外,细胞内葡萄糖浓度升高导致蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)关键辅助因子二酰甘油(diacylglycerol,DAG)增加,激活PKC通路,使血管收缩因子内皮素-1表达增加来减少血流量,从而导致肾脏基底膜增厚、细胞外基质增多及视网膜新生血管形成[5-6]
虽然DR与DN具有相似的发病机制,但在临床上二者依然存在发病的不平行性,这可能与检测病变的方法不同或发病基因的易感性及参与发病的细胞因子不同有关[4]
虽然无法确定两种疾病发病的先后顺序,但二者同时存在的现象在临床上比较常见。研究发现,在经肾活检确诊为DN的217例2型糖尿病患者中近半数(48.8%)患有DR[7]。而在2型糖尿病患者中对慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)与DR的关系进行研究发现,DR的患病率与尿白蛋白肌酐比值(urine albumin to creatinine ratio,UACR)呈正相关,当UACR≥300 mg/g时,患DR的比值比(OR)为2.0[8]。此外,在中国南方人群中对DR及黄斑水肿与糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)的关系进行研究发现,DR的严重程度随着估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)的下降及UACR的升高而加重[9]
Pearce等[10]的荟萃分析显示,DR与肾病密切相关,DR的存在增加了肾病的发生风险,同时也是微量或大量白蛋白尿进展的预测指标,反之,大量白蛋白尿也与DR的严重程度密切相关。对上海社区2型糖尿病患者DN的危险因素进行分析发现,DR作为DN的危险因素,其OR为1.328[11]。此外,对DN与DR发生发展的关系进行研究发现,经过5年随访,DN合并非增生性DR(nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)患者进展为增生性DR(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的风险比(RR)为2.26,DN是DR发生发展的独立危险因素[12]。可见,DR与DN两者互为危险因素,相互影响病情的发展和变化。
主要包括血糖、血压及血脂等。糖尿病控制与并发症试验研究显示,与常规治疗相比较,强化控制血糖接近正常水平后,DR的发病风险下降了76%[13],出现大量蛋白尿及eGFR降低的风险分别下降了84%和50%[14]。研究发现,2型糖尿病患者的平均血糖水平与DR的进展密切相关,血糖变异性及血脂异常与DN的进展密切相关[15]。血糖变异性可反映血糖随时间变化的程度,有研究者认为,长期观测血糖变异性可作为评估糖尿病并发症发展风险的可靠参数[16]。另外,还有研究发现,三酰甘油升高、三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白升高、非高密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白升高均与DKD的发生有明显相关性,而与DR无明显相关性[17]。最近,另一项荟萃分析发现,糖尿病病程、血糖、血压及血脂的控制情况是2型糖尿病患者出现包括DR、DN在内的各种微血管并发症的主要危险因素[18]。因此,检测并积极控制血糖、血压及血脂等危险因素,对减少DR和DN的发生、进展有重要意义。
一项2型糖尿病合并肾脏疾病患者DN与非糖尿病肾病(non-diabetic renal diseases,NDRD)的鉴别诊断模型研究发现,非糖尿病视网膜病变作为诊断NDRD的指标,其OR值高达28.198,说明非糖尿病视网膜病变可作为鉴别DN与NDRD的指标[19]。另一项荟萃分析发现,DR鉴别2型糖尿病患者DN与NDRD的敏感性为0.65,特异性为0.75,且重点指出PDR诊断DN具有高度特异性[20]。最新的荟萃分析在对45项研究进行系统分析后发现,DR诊断DN的敏感性为0.67,特异性为0.78,PDR预测DN的特异性为0.99,提示DR是预测DN的良好指标[21],而该团队的最新研究也验证了这一观点,他们建立了一个诊断DN的新模型,除了将传统的蛋白尿、糖化血红蛋白、eGFR、血压等指标纳入诊断模型外,还将有无DR纳入其中,该模型最终得到的外部验证准确率为0.875[22]。但受肾活检要求的限制,临床糖尿病患者肾活检不典型,需要大样本研究对糖尿病肾活检患者进行验证分析。
PDR是DR病变的晚期,主要表现为视网膜新生血管生成,玻璃体或视网膜前积血,新生血管发生纤维化,形成视网膜前膜,牵拉视网膜可导致裂孔或脱落[23]。一项关于视网膜病变严重程度对DN患者终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)的预测效能研究发现,合并PDR的DN患者在中位随访15个月后,56%进展为ESRD,提示DR的严重程度是ESRD的独立危险因素[24]。中国台湾地区一项研究对4050例CKD患者随访至少1年以上发现,DR为CKD进展的危险因素,而基线时合并PDR的患者CKD进展的风险明显高于NPDR患者,其OR值为2.18[25]。另一项研究指出,2型糖尿病患者DR的严重程度与CKD的进展呈正相关,PDR患者CKD进展的风险是无DR患者的16.6倍[26]。值得注意的是,这些研究均以蛋白尿或eGFR来诊断肾病,无法明确诊断DN,且不少研究对基线时DR的诊断采用眼底镜或间接检眼镜,而非常规的彩色眼底照相或作为金标准的眼底荧光素造影,因此,尽管能明确PDR与DN之间的相关性,但PDR对DN的诊断价值仍有待进一步研究。
除了借助DR的诊断外,随着人工智能及精准医疗的发展,对诊断的精确性要求也越来越高,许多研究通过对视网膜血管几何参数的量化辅助改进DR对DN的诊断。视网膜血管弯曲度、血管直径、分支角度、分支系数、长径比等均属于视网膜微血管几何参数的范畴[27]
健康人的眼底血管是光滑而平直的,当血管出现弯曲时,通常提示存在疾病。越来越多的研究发现,视网膜微血管几何形态与糖尿病微血管并发症存在相关性[28-29],青少年心肾干预试验(AdDIT)研究发现,1型糖尿病青少年患者即使尿白蛋白正常,其UACR越高,视网膜血管弯曲度越大,说明在青少年1型糖尿病患者出现临床并发症前,观测视网膜血管几何参数变化可帮助识别高危患者[28]。有研究认为,血管扭曲与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)分泌增加有关[30],内皮功能障碍是糖尿病患者血管损伤的初始阶段,VEGF在肾小球足细胞内高表达是导致早期DN的主要原因[31]。然而,有研究发现,在2型糖尿病患者中血管扭曲与肾病进展的相关性与1型糖尿病患者并不一致[32],这可能与前瞻性研究观察时间较短有关,基线时血管扭曲程度的差异较小,因而可能无法反映短期内肾功能的改变情况;同时,1型和2型糖尿病患者存在明显的人群差异,而年龄是视网膜血管几何形态的主要混杂因素,因此,须进一步深入研究。
研究发现,青少年1型糖尿病患者视网膜血管直径越大,其UACR越高,说明当视网膜血管直径增大时患者可能出现早期肾功能损伤[28]。有研究在2型糖尿病患者中观察到了一致的结果,对2型糖尿病患者随访14年后发现,其基线视网膜中央静脉直径等效值(central retinal venule equivalent,CRVE)越大,10年累积肾病发生率越高,其OR值为2.08,说明视网膜静脉直径越大越容易进展为DN[33]。此外,一项关于1型糖尿病患者视网膜血管直径与肾脏病理改变关系的研究指出,视网膜血管直径与DN早期肾小球系膜基质增生及肾小管间质病变有关[34]。但是,目前糖尿病患者视网膜血管直径增大与肾病之间关系的机制尚不清楚,可能与组织缺氧及炎症有关[35]。既往大部分研究集中在视网膜血管直径变化与肾病进展的关系上,缺乏视网膜血管直径对DN诊断价值的研究,因此,探讨视网膜血管直径与DN的内在联系,为诊断DN提供理论依据可作为未来研究的重点。
分支角度及分支系数是与视网膜血管分支相关的两个几何参数。分支角度反映了血管的血流量,角度越大说明血流量越小,最佳角度为75°左右[27]。分支系数是两分支血管直径的平方和与主血管直径平方的比值[27],分支系数越大说明分支血管管径与主血管管径差异越小,分支血管直径越大[29]。丹麦一项针对儿童糖尿病的研究发现,视网膜血管分支系数越大,发生肾病及神经病变的风险越高[29]。糖尿病视网膜血管分支系数增大除可反映血流紊乱外,还可反映糖尿病高血糖所致的炎症及内皮功能障碍,这可能与DR及DN的病理生理有关[36]。最新研究发现,视网膜小动脉血管分形维数下降与2型糖尿病患者肾功能减退明显相关,而分形维数降低可能与内皮功能障碍引起血管收缩导致血管重构有关[37]。目前,关于视网膜血管分支与DN的相关性研究较少,能否借助视网膜血管分支来辅助诊断DN仍有待进一步深入研究。
黄斑水肿是指黄斑部液体异常增加,细胞外液渗入视网膜囊腔,当黄斑中心凹无血管区出现增厚或距离中心凹500 μm以内出现硬性渗出及增厚时,被称为有临床意义的黄斑水肿[38]。研究发现,当患者出现有临床意义的黄斑水肿时更易发生肾病[39]。另外,有研究者将黄斑水肿根据形态分为弥漫型、囊样型、浆液型、玻璃体牵拉型及囊样与浆液混合型,结果发现浆液型黄斑水肿出现白蛋白尿的概率最高,且严重肾功能不全与黄斑水肿有相关性[40]。由此可见,DR患者出现黄斑水肿,特别是有临床意义的浆液型黄斑水肿时,患肾病的概率更高。近年来,关于黄斑水肿与肾病关系的研究较少,且有研究指出黄斑水肿与eGFR之间并无相关性[41],这可能是由于糖尿病黄斑水肿多发生在DR晚期,而DN与DR在病程上具有一致性,因此,早期观察黄斑水肿与eGFR可能无法发现较强的联系。但是,当糖尿病患者同时患有DR及黄斑水肿时,诊断为DN的可能性更高。
目前,大量研究证实DR对DN的诊断具有辅助作用,但其灵敏度仍需进一步提高。因此,有研究借助其他临床指标来共同辅助DN的诊断,以求提高诊断的可靠性。研究最多的相关指标主要包括以下几种。
血脂异常对DN存在一定的影响,有研究者认为,糖尿病并发症的发生机制是一种泛化机制,不仅与血糖相关,还与全身或局部脂质代谢有关[42]。Tolonen等[43]研究发现,不同严重程度的DR患者血脂含量及白蛋白排泄率均不相同,当DR患者出现总胆固醇、三酰甘油升高,高密度脂蛋白降低时,其eGFR更低,更易发生肾脏病变。研究发现,肾小球脂肪异常积聚可导致足细胞功能障碍及足细胞缺失[44],而血清游离脂肪酸与血清白蛋白过量结合可引起巨噬细胞浸润及泡沫细胞形成,激活促炎症反应,最终导致肾小管间质损害[45],这可能是DN发生的原因之一。但有研究指出,血脂异常虽与DKD独立相关,但与DR无相关性[17]。因此,当DR患者合并血脂异常时,发生DN的可能性更大,诊断为DN的可靠性更高。
血胆红素作为肝脏疾病的标志物被人们熟知,近期有研究指出,2型糖尿病患者血胆红素水平越低,其肾脏病理改变越严重,肾功能也越差[46]。此外有研究发现,低血胆红素水平可作为DR的早期预测指标[47],还有研究发现,高血清尿酸及低血胆红素水平交互作用可增加2型糖尿病患者DR及DN的发生风险[48]。血胆红素被众多研究证实是糖尿病并发症的一项保护因素,胆红素可通过抗氧化作用保护内皮细胞及系膜细胞免受氧化应激的损伤,从而保护肾脏[49],因此,当血胆红素水平降低时,机体无法抑制高血糖条件下脂质过氧化及线粒体超氧化物的产生,最终导致血管功能障碍,这是糖尿病并发症发生的潜在特征[50]。目前研究发现,低胆红素水平与DR及DN密切相关,因此,低血胆红素水平结合DR有望成为临床诊断DN新的关注点。
微量白蛋白尿是由于肾小球滤过膜通透性增加,低分子量蛋白透过肾小球滤过屏障进入尿液产生的,被认为是肾小管内皮损伤的标志[51]。临床上诊断DN常参考尿微量白蛋白值。中国一项观察2型糖尿病患者肾脏疾病进展及肾功能下降轨迹的研究发现,DR合并微量白蛋白尿的患者,eGFR下降速度更快[52],Moriya等[53]研究发现,经肾活检证实为典型糖尿病肾小球病变的DR患者中,合并微量白蛋白尿的患者比无白蛋白尿的患者肾功能下降更快。可见,尿微量白蛋白是判断肾功能进展的有效指标,当DR合并微量白蛋白尿时,进展为DN的可能性更大。值得注意的是,尿微量白蛋白虽被认为是早期肾脏损害的主要指标,但并不是DN的特异性指标,它可能受肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂药物的影响。目前仍缺乏DR患者合并微量白蛋白尿对DN诊断价值的研究,因此,仍需通过进一步研究来验证。
触珠蛋白(haptoglobin,HPT)是一种血清蛋白,它能够促进游离血红蛋白清除,防止组织氧化损伤[54]。研究发现,尿触珠蛋白/肌酐比值(HPT-to-creatinine ratio,HCR)是2型糖尿病患者早期肾功能下降的独立预测因子,其敏感性及阳性预测值较UACR更高[55]。Yang等[56]发现,尿触珠蛋白>20 ng/min的DR患者发生肾功能不全的风险是无尿触珠蛋白DR患者的3.27倍,尤其是PDR患者,如出现尿触珠蛋白,其患肾病的概率更高。触珠蛋白分泌增加可能是组织持续损伤、修复及微血管重塑的指标[57],而尿触珠蛋白升高可能是肾脏对肾小管损伤及氧化应激的应答,是肾小球通透性增加的指标[55]。目前,关于尿触珠蛋白的临床研究主要集中在预测肾功能进展方面,缺乏尿触珠蛋白结合DR预测DN的直接证据,因此,其诊断可靠性仍有待进一步验证。
除以上主要指标外,血清胱抑素C[58]、血清尿酸[59]、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值[60]、色素上皮衍生因子[61]等均被证实与DN及DR存在相关性。但大部分研究中的DN不是通过病理诊断确诊的,非病理确诊患者可能同时患有其他NDRD,这将使研究结果产生误差。因此,深入研究各项指标与经病理确诊的DN之间的关系具有重要意义。此外,既往有研究用logistic回归分析将有统计学意义的临床指标整合建模诊断DN,结果显示其具有较高的灵敏度及特异度[62-63]。因此,在上述各单项指标的诊断价值无法确定的情况下,尝试用统计学或人工智能的方法整合多项指标对DN进行诊断可能得到更高的准确率。值得注意的是,虽然大多数研究指标可辅助DN的诊断,但临床上如出现这些指标,DN可能已进入4—5期,此时进行干预治疗预后并不理想。因此,DN的早期诊断研究更具临床价值。
DR与DN常伴随出现,互为影响因素。目前的研究表明,DR与DN密切相关,二者发病机制复杂且相互影响,通过DR尤其是PDR结合其他临床指标诊断DN或预测糖尿病患者肾损伤的可行性高,但仍缺乏大样本临床研究来证实DR在诊断DN方面的可靠性及敏感性。另外,随着人工智能的发展,从视网膜血管几何参数量化的角度进行研究有望为诊断或鉴别DN提供新思路。鉴于大部分研究中DN采用非病理诊断的现状,通过病理确诊的DN患者验证DR及其他临床指标对DN的诊断作用将成为以后研究的重点。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1305503)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金(81700629)
  • 北京市科技计划课题(D171100002817002)
  • 解放军总医院大数据项目(2019MBD-053)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 138: 271-281.
[2]
Li ZC, Chen JB, Zhang HB, et al. Plasma proteomics research in patients with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2019, 44(1): 42-50.
[李志琛, 陈建斌, 张华北, 等. 糖尿病视网膜病变血浆差异蛋白分析[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2019, 44(1): 42-50.]
[3]
Liu C, Cao JY, Zhang J, et al. A study of the value of backscatter integration in the diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy[J]. Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, 2019, 7(5): 290-291, 294.
[刘聪, 曹军英, 张筠, 等. 背向散射积分对糖尿病早期视网膜病变诊断价值研究[J]. 创伤与急危重病医学, 2019, 7(5): 290-291, 294.]
[4]
Cheng HM, Zhang L, Chen XM. Advances in research on the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Kidney Dis Invest, 2019, 8(2): 85-90.
[成海梅, 张利, 陈香美. 糖尿病肾病与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究进展[J]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2019, 8(2): 85-90.]
[5]
Paul S, Ali A, Katare R. Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2020, 34(8): 107613.
[6]
Volpe CMO, Villar-Delfino PH, Dos Anjos PMF, et al. Cellular death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diabetic complications[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(2): 119.
[7]
Cao X, Gong X, Ma X. Diabetic nephropathy versus diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese population: a retrospective study[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2019, 25: 6446-6453.
[8]
Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Mundet-Tuduri X, Miravet-Jimenez S, et al. Chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(2): e0149448.
[9]
Zhuang X, Cao D, Yang D, et al. Association of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with renal function in southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-centre observational study[J]. BMJ Open, 2019, 9(9): e031194.
[10]
Pearce I, Simo R, Lovestam-Adrian M, et al. Association between diabetic eye disease and other complications of diabetes:Implications for care. A systematic review[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2019, 21(3): 467-478.
[11]
Lou J, Jing L, Yang H, et al. Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis[J]. Int J Health Plann Manage, 2019, 34(3): 1013-1024.
[12]
Jeng CJ, Hsieh YT, Yang CM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic nephropathy: development and progression[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): e0161897.
[13]
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications(EDIC) Research Group, Lachin JM, White NH, et al. Effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: 18 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC[J]. Diabetes, 2015, 64(2): 631-642.
[14]
de Boer IH, Group DER. Kidney disease and related findings in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2014, 37(1): 24-30.
[15]
Song KH, Jeong JS, Kim MK, et al. Discordance in risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Diabetes Investig, 2019, 10(3): 745-752.
[16]
Cardoso CRL, Leite NC, Moram CBM, et al. Long-term visit-to-visit glycemic variability as predictor of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes:The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2018, 17(1): 33.
[17]
Yang H, Young D, Gao J, et al. Are blood lipids associated with microvascular complications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients? A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2019, 18(1): 18.
[18]
Faselis C, Katsimardou A, Imprialos K, et al. Microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2020, 18(2): 117-124.
[19]
Yang Z, Feng L, Huang Y, et al. A differential diagnosis model for diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with chronic kidney disease[J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2019, 12: 1963-1972.
[20]
He F, Xia X, Wu XF, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in predicting diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal disease: a meta-analysis[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(3): 457-466.
[21]
Jiang S, Yu T, Zhang Z, et al. Diagnostic performance of retinopathy in the detection of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies[J]. Ophthalmic Res, 2019, 62(2): 68-79.
[22]
Jiang S, Fang J, Yu T, et al. Novel model predicts diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes[J]. Am J Nephrol, 2020, 51(2): 130-138.
[23]
Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Diabetic retinopathy preferred practice pattern®[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(1): P66-P145.
[24]
Zhao L, Ren H, Zhang J, et al. Diabetic retinopathy, classified using the lesion-aware deep learning system, predicts diabetic end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients[J]. Endocr Pract, 2020, 26(4): 429-443.
[25]
Lin HT, Zheng CM, Wu YC, et al. Diabetic retinopathy as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression: a multicenter case-control study in Taiwan[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(3): 509.
[26]
Park HC, Lee YK, Cho A, et al. Diabetic retinopathy is a prognostic factor for progression of chronic kidney disease in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(7): e0220506.
[27]
Sasongko MB, Wang JJ, Donaghue KC, et al. Alterations in retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(6): 1331-1336.
[28]
Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Wong TY, Craig ME, et al. The adolescent cardio-renal intervention trial (AdDIT): retinal vascular geometry and renal function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2018, 61(4): 968-976.
[29]
Rasmussen ML, Broe R, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, et al. Retinal vascular geometry and its association to microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987)[J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2017, 255(2): 293-299.
[30]
Hartnett ME, Martiniuk D, Byfield G, et al. Neutralizing VEGF decreases tortuosity and alters endothelial cell division orientation in arterioles and veins in a rat model of ROP:relevance to plus disease[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008, 49(7): 3107-3114.
[31]
Onions KL, Gamez M, Buckner NR, et al. VEGFC reduces glomerular albumin permeability and protects against alterations in VEGF receptor expression in diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes, 2019, 68(1): 172-187.
[32]
McKay GJ, Paterson EN, Maxwell AP, et al. Retinal microvascular parameters are not associated with reduced renal function in a study of individuals with type 2 diabetes[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 3931.
[33]
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. Retinal vessel caliber and microvascular and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: XXI:the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2007, 114(10): 1884-1892.
[34]
Klein R, Knudtson MD, Klein BE, et al. The relationship of retinal vessel diameter to changes in diabetic nephropathy structural variables in patients with type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2010, 53(8): 1638-1646.
[35]
Wong TY, Islam FM, Klein R, et al. Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2006, 47(6): 2341-2350.
[36]
Cheung CY, Sabanayagam C, Law AK, et al. Retinal vascular geometry and 6 year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Diabetologia, 2017, 60(9): 1770-1781.
[37]
Xu X, Sun F, Wang Q, et al. Comprehensive retinal vascular measurements: a novel association with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients in China[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 13737.
[38]
Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, et al. Mechanisms of macular edema: beyond the surface[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 63: 20-68.
[39]
Venkatesh P, Tibrewal S, Bhowmik D, et al. Prevalence of systemic co-morbidities in patients with various grades of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Indian J Med Res, 2014, 140(1): 77-83.
[40]
Koo NK, Jin HC, Kim KS, et al. Relationship between the morphology of diabetic macular edema and renal dysfunction in diabetes[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2013, 27(2): 98-102.
[41]
Temkar S, Karuppaiah N, Takkar B, et al. Impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate on diabetic macular edema[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2018, 38(3): 1043-1050.
[42]
Eid S, Sas KM, Abcouwer SF, et al. New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism[J]. Diabetologia, 2019, 62(9): 1539-1549.
[43]
Tolonen N, Hietala K, Forsblom C, et al. Associations and interactions between lipid profiles, retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study[J]. J Intern Med, 2013, 274(5): 469-479.
[44]
Falkevall A, Mehlem A, Palombo I, et al. Reducing VEGF-B signaling ameliorates renal lipotoxicity and protects against diabetic kidney disease[J]. Cell Metab, 2017, 25(3): 713-726.
[45]
Opazo-Rios L, Mas S, Marin-Royo G, et al. Lipotoxicity and diabetic nephropathy: novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(7): 2632.
[46]
Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, et al. The association of serum bilirubin on kidney clinicopathologic features and renal outcome in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a biopsy-based study[J]. Endocr Pract, 2019, 25(6): 554-561.
[47]
Zhang D, Zhang W, Jin S, et al. Elevated serum total bilirubin concentrations are negatively associated with diabetic retinopathy among the Chinese Northeastern population[J]. Int J Endocrinol, 2018, 2018: 6539385.
[48]
Ren Y, Gao L, Guo X, et al. Interactive effect of serum uric acid and total bilirubin for micro-vascular disease of type 2 diabetes in China[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2018, 32(11): 1000-1005.
[49]
Li X, Zhang L, Chen H, et al. Relationship between serum bilirubin concentrations and diabetic nephropathy in Shanghai Han's patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus[J]. BMC Nephrol, 2017, 18(1): 114.
[50]
Hull TD, Agarwal A. Bilirubin: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes, 2014, 63(8): 2613-2616.
[51]
Thethi TK, Batuman V. Challenging the conventional wisdom on diabetic nephropathy: Is microalbuminuria the earliest event?[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2019, 33(3): 191-192.
[52]
Jiang G, Luk AOY, Tam CHT, et al. Progression of diabetic kidney disease and trajectory of kidney function decline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Kidney Int, 2019, 95(1): 178-187.
[53]
Moriya T, Matsubara M, Kishihara E, et al. Type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and concomitant microalbuminuria showed typical diabetic glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal dysfunction[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2016, 30(6): 1111-1116.
[54]
Gurung RL, Dorajoo R, Liu S, et al. Genetic markers for urine haptoglobin is associated with decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes in East Asians[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 5109.
[55]
Liao WL, Chang CT, Chen CC, et al. Urinary proteomics for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in Taiwanese patients[J]. J Clin Med, 2018, 7(12): 483.
[56]
Yang JK, Wang YY, Liu C, et al. Urine proteome specific for eye damage can predict kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes: a case-control and a 5.3-year prospective cohort study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2017, 40(2): 253-260.
[57]
Liu JJ, Liu S, Wong MD, et al. Urinary haptoglobin predicts rapid renal function decline in asians with type 2 diabetes and early kidney disease[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2016, 101(10): 3794-3802.
[58]
Kim HJ, Byun DW, Suh K, et al. Association between serum cystatin C and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy[J]. Diabetes Metab J, 2018, 42(6): 513-518.
[59]
Pilemann-Lyberg S, Hansen TW, Persson F, et al. Uric acid is not associated with diabetic nephropathy and other complications in type 1 diabetes[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2019, 34(4): 659-666.
[60]
Liu J, Liu X, Li Y, et al. The association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy: a meta-analysis[J]. Biosci Rep, 2018, 38(3): BSR20180172.
[61]
Huang N, Zhang X, Jiang Y, et al. Increased levels of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor aggravate proteinuria via induction of podocyte actin rearrangement[J]. Int Urol Nephrol, 2019, 51(2): 359-367.
[62]
Zhou J, Chen X, Xie Y, et al. A differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2008, 23(6): 1940-1945.
[63]
Liu MY, Chen XM, Sun XF, et al. Validation of a differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases and the establishment of a new diagnostic model[J]. J Diabetes, 2014, 6(6): 519-526.
2021年第46卷第1期
PDF下载
266
121
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11
  • 接收时间:2020-06-12
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2021-01-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-12
  • 修回日期:2020-11-16
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1305503)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1305503)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81700629)
国家自然科学基金青年基金(81700629)
Science and Technology Project of Beijing(D171100002817002)
北京市科技计划课题(D171100002817002)
Big Data Program from Chinese PLA General Hospital(2019MBD-053)
解放军总医院大数据项目(2019MBD-053)
作者信息
    1广东药科大学临床医学院,广州 510006
    2解放军总医院肾脏病科/解放军肾脏病研究所/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853
    3首都医科大学附属同仁医院眼科中心,北京 100730

通讯作者:

陈香美,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.11
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏