Article(id=1211268826302386983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.16, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1597334400000, receivedDateStr=2020-08-14, revisedDate=1607443200000, revisedDateStr=2020-12-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766718592477, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1611763200000, pubDateStr=2021-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766718592477, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766718592477, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718592477, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211268819788632695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766718590924, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718828068, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269814484594852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269814484594853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=100, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211268827443237689, articleId=1211268826302386983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Application status and prospect of telemedicine in the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a treatment for end-stage joint disease, joint replacement is one of the most common surgeries in orthopedics. With the increasing number of joint replacement patients, the rehabilitation for most of the patients has become a key link affecting the prognosis. The effects of conventional rehabilitation treatment programs are not satisfactory. Telemedicine provides a new direction for the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement. The coronavirus that emerged in early 2020 has made the importance of telemedicine more prominent. This article aims to summarize the current situation and development prospects of the clinical application of telemedicine in the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement.

, correspAuthors=Yi-Sheng Han, Zhen-Sheng Ma, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Han Yi-Sheng, E-mail: ;
Ma Zhen-Sheng, E-mail:
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关节置换术作为终末期关节疾病的治疗手段,是骨科常见的手术方式之一,而康复治疗是影响其预后的重要环节。目前常规康复治疗方案的效果并不十分不理想,而远程医疗为关节置换术后患者的康复治疗提供了新方向。2020年初突如其来的疫情使远程医疗的重要性更加凸显。该文就远程医疗在关节置换术后康复治疗中的临床应用现状及发展前景进行归纳展望。

, correspAuthors=韩一生, 马真胜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
韩一生,E-mail:;
马真胜,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Y2+IKKLK/ze8cnYyERnDqA==, magXml=AoTwSLELp3jyFXTeb37l6Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FOKPuOS+GgHGkJ6iSlckuQ==, pdfFileSize=3013161, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LIVsT7w4TZwIWgey9B9Vmg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

唐文浩,硕士研究生,主要从事关节置换术后康复治疗方面的研究。E-mail:

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唐文浩,硕士研究生,主要从事关节置换术后康复治疗方面的研究。E-mail:

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唐文浩,硕士研究生,主要从事关节置换术后康复治疗方面的研究。E-mail:

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远程医疗在关节置换术后患者康复治疗中的应用现状及前景
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唐文浩 , 毕龙 , 杨旻 , 第五维龙 , 燕明 , 韩一生 * , 马真胜 *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021,46(1): 95-100
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解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021, 46(1): 95-100
远程医疗在关节置换术后患者康复治疗中的应用现状及前景
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唐文浩 , 毕龙, 杨旻, 第五维龙, 燕明, 韩一生* , 马真胜*
作者信息
  • 空军军医大学附属西京医院骨科,西安 710032
  • 唐文浩,硕士研究生,主要从事关节置换术后康复治疗方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

韩一生,E-mail:;
马真胜,E-mail:
Application status and prospect of telemedicine in the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement
Wen-Hao Tang , Long Bi, Min Yang, Wei-Long Diwu, Ming Yan, Yi-Sheng Han* , Zhen-Sheng Ma*
Affiliations
  • Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
出版时间: 2021-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.16
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关节置换术作为终末期关节疾病的治疗手段,是骨科常见的手术方式之一,而康复治疗是影响其预后的重要环节。目前常规康复治疗方案的效果并不十分不理想,而远程医疗为关节置换术后患者的康复治疗提供了新方向。2020年初突如其来的疫情使远程医疗的重要性更加凸显。该文就远程医疗在关节置换术后康复治疗中的临床应用现状及发展前景进行归纳展望。

远程医疗  /  关节成形术  /  关节置换术  /  康复

As a treatment for end-stage joint disease, joint replacement is one of the most common surgeries in orthopedics. With the increasing number of joint replacement patients, the rehabilitation for most of the patients has become a key link affecting the prognosis. The effects of conventional rehabilitation treatment programs are not satisfactory. Telemedicine provides a new direction for the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement. The coronavirus that emerged in early 2020 has made the importance of telemedicine more prominent. This article aims to summarize the current situation and development prospects of the clinical application of telemedicine in the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement.

telemedicine  /  arthroplasty  /  joint replacement  /  rehabilitation
唐文浩, 毕龙, 杨旻, 第五维龙, 燕明, 韩一生, 马真胜. 远程医疗在关节置换术后患者康复治疗中的应用现状及前景. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (1) : 95 -100 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.16
Wen-Hao Tang, Long Bi, Min Yang, Wei-Long Diwu, Ming Yan, Yi-Sheng Han, Zhen-Sheng Ma. Application status and prospect of telemedicine in the rehabilitation of patients after joint replacement[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (1) : 95 -100 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.16
全膝关节置换术和全髋关节置换术均是非常成功且具有较高成本效益的骨科手术[1-2]。随着人工关节置换技术的进步和假体材料与制造工艺的提升,关节置换已经成为骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)等终末期关节疾病的重要治疗手段[3],采用关节置换术的患者越来越多[4-5],且保持着逐年递增的趋势[6]。一项来自中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库的研究发现,2013年我国膝关节症状性OA的发病率为8.1%,髋关节影像学OA的发病率男性为1.1%,女性为0.9%,农村地区髋关节OA的发病率为0.59%[7]。而术后康复锻炼在恢复关节置换患者运动、心理和社会功能,以及预防关节纤维化等方面发挥着重要作用[8-12]。但由于疼痛,对康复锻炼益处认识的缺乏,以及时间的推移等因素,患者对术后康复锻炼的坚持率逐渐降低[13-14]
远程医疗通过智能手机、通信设备等工具,运用通信技术提供远程医疗保健。作为通信和数字技术飞速发展的产物,远程医疗被越来越多地运用于医疗实践中[15]。美国国家质量论坛(National quality forum,NQF)发布了一份题为“Creating a framework to support measure development for telehealth”的报告[16],通过指出对远程医疗需求量最大的领域,指导相关研究人员的研究方向。该报告同时指出,针对远程医疗临床预后的随机对照试验(randomized control trials,RCTs)仍数量有限。关节置换术后的传统康复治疗方式由于缺乏医务人员的专业指导、人口学因素、患者心理因素、患者依从性差等原因,康复效果常难以达到预期[17-18]。而远程康复治疗利用基于网络的远程康复平台、移动终端应用软件、可穿戴设备等,能够很好地解决由于上述原因导致的康复效果不满意的问题[19-23]。现结合国内外文献,对现阶段远程医疗在关节置换术后患者康复治疗中的临床应用进行回顾,并对其未来前景进行探讨与展望。
当前远程医疗在关节置换术后患者康复治疗中的应用,主要是利用网络通信技术、可穿戴设备或各种远程医疗平台搭建骨科医师与其诊治的关节置换患者之间的沟通平台,从而为患者的康复提供更为直接且具体的指导。主要实现方式包括:建立远程随访平台以代替传统门诊复查的方式;术前至出院前对患者进行康复指导,并在患者出院后以远程医疗作为出院前传统纸质或口头康复指导的延续;利用可穿戴设备或远程监控设备进行远程实时反馈并指导患者的康复过程,达到传统随诊方式无法达到的效果[20,22]。多项研究发现,在膝关节损伤和骨关节炎量表(KOOS)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)、生理功能量表(PCS)、心理功能量表(MCS)、骨性关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分,以及患肢多种运动指标等多种评价关节置换术后患者康复效果的指标方面,远程医疗的效果均不劣于传统康复方式[24-25]。也有研究者认为,远程医疗的效果优于传统康复方式[26]
Preston等[27]运用Delphi Consensus技术构建了一个虚拟的随访诊所,该虚拟诊所的随访内容包括关节置换术后患者的调查问卷(包括患者疼痛情况、关节活动情况及总体运动情况等)、规范化的影像学报告(包括假体有无松动、有无假体周围骨折等)和临床决策的演算(根据调查问卷与影像学报告结果进行临床决策),为膝关节和髋关节置换术后患者的康复情况评估提供了一个良好的平台,在保证能够准确识别出需要入院处理的并发症的基础上,可有效调配医疗资源,减轻患者的时间和经济负担。Parkes等[28]在其所在的地区医院引进了一个与上述虚拟诊所相似的虚拟随访模型,研究人员利用一个名为MCO的网络平台,查看患者最新影像学图像和患者填写的调查问卷以评估患者的康复情况,并调查了院内关节置换术后患者和临床医师对虚拟随访的满意度,结果显示,在医者与患者保持良好沟通的前提下,患者接受度较高,但随访过程中出现并发症或其他问题的患者满意度稍低。
Bini等[21]的一项随机对照试验将51例接受全膝关节置换术的患者随机分为使用非同步视频应用程序(康复医师将与门诊物理治疗患者所做的康复练习相同的练习视频上传至网络,受试者通过移动终端可随时随地观看此视频)的干预组与接受门诊物理治疗的传统组,收集术前和术后3个月的随访数据,结果显示,两组KOOS、VAS、PCS、MCS评分等差异均无统计学意义,即干预组的临床预后并不比传统组差,表明非同步远程康复可能是一种比实时视频随访更实用的选择,临床预后与面对面的康复模式相当。Davidovitch等[22]的一项非随机对照试验将268例全髋关节置换术后受试者分为两组,一组使用一个名为Force的远程康复应用软件,受试者可利用该软件观看内置的与伤口管理和康复技术相关的视频、查看康复指标或与研究团队进行交流反馈,另一组采用Force+面对面的家庭康复指导方式,结果显示,单纯采用远程康复的全髋关节置换患者的预后并不劣于远程康复+传统康复的指导方式。Fleischman等[20]的一项随机对照试验将290例单侧全膝关节置换术后患者随机分为门诊物理治疗组、无人监督的基于网络平台的家庭锻炼组、无人监督的纸质手册指导的家庭锻炼组,结果显示,患者被动屈膝的恢复情况在无人监督的家庭锻炼下(无论是基于网络平台还是纸质手册指导)并不劣于常规出院后门诊物理治疗,且纸质手册相较网络平台存在不够形象具体的缺点。同时,该研究提出,未来的研究重点应该是确定哪些患者可能不适合远程康复治疗,以及哪些早期的门诊物理治疗更适合患者。Buhagiar等[25]的研究报告了相似的结果,他们将符合出院标准的单侧全膝关节置换术后患者随机分为两组,一组出院后接受远程家庭康复治疗,通过纸质手册学习康复方法,并可与研究者随时进行电话沟通;另一组进行为期10 d的住院康复治疗(按照澳大利亚康复标准每天进行规定时长的理疗与康复锻炼),后续治疗同第一组。结果显示,两组康复情况无明显差异,表明远程康复加额外的住院康复治疗并不优于单纯接受远程康复治疗。同时,研究人员将不同意进入随机分组的患者单独设为对照组,同样接受远程家庭康复治疗,结果显示,受试者的偏好对研究结果无影响。该研究的缺点在于没有设置需要退出研究进行入院治疗的标准,且观测指标偏少[25]。Moffet等[29]的一项纳入205例全膝关节置换术后受试者的非劣效性随机对照试验结果显示,远程康复组(基于网络的能够进行实时视频和音频互动的康复平台,康复治疗内容与面对面康复指导相同)与标准康复组(面对面康复指导)在WOMAC评分增长幅度方面的差异接近于零:总分差异–1.6%(95%CI–5.6%~2.3%),疼痛差异–1.6%(95%CI –5.9%~2.8%),僵硬差异–0.7%(95%CI –6.8%~5.4%),功能差异–1.8%(95%CI –5.9%~2.3%)。表明远程康复可作为全膝关节置换患者出院后常规康复治疗的替代方案。Moffet等[30]的另一项针对同一受试者群体的研究发现,与传统康复方式相比,全膝关节置换术后患者进行远程康复在康复效果和患者满意度方面均无明显差别。这与Kuether等[31]的研究结果一致。Eichler等[32]的一项以111例全髋或全膝关节置换术后患者为研究对象的随机对照试验中,干预组采用一个名为MeineReha的应用软件,该软件能够利用摄像传感器监测受试者的康复运动,并与软件中预设的标准康复运动姿势、运动目标进行比较,实时反馈给受试者,从而展示出每个康复运动的完成质量;对照组在出院后未给予特殊康复治疗。结果显示,两组6分钟步行试验(P=0.43)、爬楼梯试验(P=0.44)、起立行走试验(P=0.93)、PCS评分(P=0.80)、MCS评分(P=0.28)及WOMAC评分(P=0.51)等差异均无统计学意义,同时采用远程康复的患者具有更高的返岗率。汤秀梅[33]利用微信将家庭运动康复计划传递给受试者及其家属,效果评估结果显示,与利用纸质运动计划进行指导的对照组相比,远程康复的效果未见明显差异(P>0.05)。
有研究发现,接受远程康复治疗的患者预后优于接受传统康复治疗的患者。马琴等[34]在传统院内口头指导康复方法的基础上,将健康教育的格林模式与微信平台结合起来,促进健康教育的倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素的形成,利用微信中的文字、图片、视频等多种形式尽量满足患者的康复需求。结果显示,与对照组相比,此种模式能有效提高康复效果。杨帅等[35]利用自行设计制作的康复训练APP指导关节置换术后患者的康复锻炼,对照组则根据出院指导进行自主锻炼,结果显示,远程干预组效果更好。张金陵等[36]使用一种名为NEOGAIT“勤步”的智能可穿戴康复方案指导干预组患者进行康复训练,对照组则接受定期面对面的康复指导,结果显示,干预组的康复效果更好。Correia等[23]运用一种新型的数字化生物反馈系统(包括实时反馈受试者运动状态的可穿戴设备,与Kuether等[31]的研究中使用的应用软件相似的可进行运动演示、反馈和评估受试者康复运动的移动终端应用软件,以及研究者与受试者之间进行沟通并监测、更改康复计划的网站)指导全髋关节置换术后患者进行家庭康复锻炼,将患者的运动情况数字化并实时反馈给临床医师,同时临床医师可远程监测受试者的康复过程并针对性地调整康复计划。结果显示,康复治疗8周后,远程康复组的起立行走试验、膝关节活动度和KOOS等指标优于传统康复组,且后续的中期预后研究亦证实了这一结果[37]。Kalron等[26]将40例受试者随机分配为远程干预组(利用康复视频辅助治疗)与对照组(利用传统纸质康复手册),结果显示,与对照组相比,远程干预组在起立行走试验(P<0.050)、10米步行试验(P=0.743)、坐立实验(P<0.001)、2分钟步行试验(P<0.001)、步行速度(P=0.001)和平均步幅(P=0.028)等6项预后指标中,有5项指标改善较大。但此项研究中,两组患者的基线资料差异有统计学意义,可能对研究结果产生一定的影响,仍需进一步的研究验证。Anton等[38]基于微软Kinect设计了一个Kinect远程康复系统(Kinect Telerehabilitation System,KiReS),该系统可对全髋关节置换术后受试者的康复活动进行演示、反馈及评估,允许受试者在不同的环境中随时随地进行远程康复锻炼。研究者通过与专业康复医师合作,将适合不同患者的新的练习和测试加入KiReS,不仅可监测患者的康复锻炼过程,传输相关预后数据,还可对患者的预后演变进行评估。Anton等[39]在布里斯班利用KiReS设计了多套康复锻炼计划,并将其应用于7例全髋关节置换术后患者的康复治疗中,结果显示,在KiReS的辅助下,受试者91.88%的康复锻炼动作是准确的。Jiang等[40]的一项系统综述与Meta分析比较了全膝关节置换术后患者远程康复和传统面对面康复治疗的效果,结果显示,远程康复与传统康复方式止痛效果差异无统计学意义(MD=0.52,95%CI –0.20~1.24,P=0.160),但在功能恢复方面具有优势(WOMAC评分:MD=1.13,95%CI 0.23~2.02,P=0.014)。但该系统综述与Meta分析并未明确纳入的研究中采用了哪些远程康复手段。
据统计,关节置换患者出院后的康复治疗费用占总体花费的38%左右[41]。对于农村和偏远地区以及人口密集的城市地区的关节置换术后患者,采用家庭远程康复系统可有效保证康复质量,减少医院就诊次数,节约时间和经济成本[29,42-43]
Hallfors等[44]设计了一项针对所在医院关节置换术后患者的免费咨询电话服务,通过收集受试者术后90 d的电话咨询信息,分析其在康复过程中遇到的问题,以评价此电话咨询服务的效果。结果显示,此电话咨询服务可减少不必要的医院就诊次数,并能较为及时地发现需要进一步处理的患者,有效帮助患者节约时间和经济成本。Rosner等[45]利用一种新型数字化随访平台,按照康复计划定期向患者发送康复指导,收集患者预后资料并及时反馈给临床研究人员,从而为髋关节和膝关节置换术后患者进行围术期康复指导及远程监测,并与常规面对面康复指导进行比较。结果显示,试验组与对照组未发生相关并发症、相关经济成本为0的受试者占比分别为93.0%和84.7%(P=0.004),试验组每例患者平均节省了656.52美元(P=0.006),试验组和对照组并发症发生率分别为7.0%和15.3%(RR=0.456,95%CI 0.256~0.812,P=0.004)。表明远程康复在经济成本和预后控制方面较传统方法更有优势。但该研究未明确行髋关节置换与膝关节置换两种术式患者的数量,可能导致选择偏倚。后续研究可对两种手术后患者进行区分并分别研究。Davidovitch等[22]的非随机对照试验结果也显示,远程康复平台辅助康复治疗更具成本效益。
Yahanda等[46]设计了两个名为EpxDecolonization(EpxDecol)和EpxWound的预后监测工具,通过自动询问并收集受试者的去定植治疗与预后信息,对在华盛顿大学医学院骨科进行关节置换的患者行术后去定植治疗以预防术后感染的效果进行远程监测。结果显示,两种远程干预措施均可有效节省成本。Fusco等[47]利用Markov决策模型对全膝关节置换术后患者远程康复(利用可以监测膝关节运动的传感器对患者进行远程指导与监测)与常规标准康复(术后进行20次面对面康复)的成本效益及成本效用进行了对比,结果显示,远程康复在成本效益、成本效用方面更有优势。Tousignant等[48]进行的一项多中心随机对照试验发现,在视频系统指导下进行远程康复治疗的费用不高于传统康复治疗,当患者的位置与医院的距离超过30 km时,远程康复更具成本优势,距离越远,成本优势越明显。多项研究发现,除成本效益外,远程康复在医疗资源的合理利用与人力成本方面也具有优势,可有效避免医疗资源的浪费,减轻医疗系统和患者的负担[23,49-50]
有研究发现,远程康复治疗可有效缩短患者术后住院天数。Vesterby等[51]的一项随机对照试验将72例准备接受全髋关节置换术的患者随机分为远程康复组与常规康复组,并随访12个月。结果显示,两组患者在康复指标的恢复方面差异无统计学意义,并发症发生率和二次入院率亦无统计学差异,但远程康复组患者的住院天数从2.1 d(95%CI 2.0~2.3)降至1.1 d(95%CI 0.9~1.4,P<0.001)。
在当前的技术发展阶段,能够实时、精准地收集术后患者康复情况与运动数据的设备尚未普遍应用,数据收集主要以步数计数、距离测量等简单、被动监测项目为主,缺乏对于关节活动的精确测量,导致数据分析具有一定的局限性[22]。同时,随着年龄增长,人们对于新事物、新科技的接受能力逐渐降低,导致远程医疗在老年人群中的应用较年轻人群有一定困难[23,28]。Sim[52]也指出了该问题,并提出远程医疗面临的挑战包括:(1)患者在康复过程中对可穿戴设备及远程康复应用程序的使用率快速下降;(2)大量数据的统计与临床分析工作十分复杂繁重;(3)远程医疗过程中使用的数字生物标志物的准确性仍有待验证。远程康复过程中患者各类康复数据的碎片化以及在不同应用程序中的互联互通问题也亟待解决[53]
未来远程医疗可以基于信息通信技术和人工智能技术建立医师与关节置换术后患者之间快速沟通的通道。例如,利用大数据和人工智能系统可以自动学习的特点,构建一个能够自我学习、自我更新、自动应答患者需求的康复平台,利用虚拟模型指导患者术后关节康复运动,利用语言或文字回应患者的疑问或反馈,也可根据患者的不同情况,将与其康复治疗更为贴合的个性化功能加入康复计划之中,使不同年龄、不同文化水平、不同地区、不同语言的关节置换术后患者都能够随时随地获更多更详细的取个性化的与关节置换预后相关的知识,并反馈预后情况,从而达到监测患者康复活动情况、指导患者正确进行运动、收集患者预后信息的目的[27,39,54-55]
随着科学技术的发展,许多可用于监测人体生理功能和运动的传感器被置入可穿戴设备中,如智能手机或智能手表中嵌入相关传感器,可以监测运动轨迹与运动时间;一些传感器贴片可以帮助测量关节活动范围与频率等。现阶段已可通过在电子设备中嵌入相关传感器,记录人体生命体征和运动情况[32,52],也有研究者将VR技术应用于全膝关节置换患者的康复过程[56]。随着技术的普及及应用,可用于远程康复的基于VR技术的可穿戴设备的应用将更加广泛。利用VR技术,可使关节置换患者更为直观、具体地学习康复技巧。同时,利用能够更加精准地测量关节活动范围与力量的可穿戴设备,或通过视频监测智能分析患者活动数据的系统,可将关节置换患者的康复情况实时反馈给临床医师或人工智能系统,从而达到更好的康复效果。
随着网络技术的不断发展、技术鸿沟的不断缩小,智能手机已经无处不在。利用具有人工智能技术的智能手机进行的远程康复,可帮助解决长期以来医疗资源不平衡的问题,为患者和临床医师提供更多的选择,使越来越多的患者享有更为便捷的康复治疗[15]
虽然具有独特的优势,但远程康复仍面临许多困难,如老年人等特殊人群对于远程康复的接受度较低、缺乏康复系统的专业培训以及如何弥补在康复过程中视频指导相较于身体接触指导的巨大劣势。现有的循证证据多为国外文献,国内相关研究甚少,因此未来研究应着眼于我国国情,针对我国患者的特点制订远程康复方案、制作远程康复系统,为远程康复在我国的应用提供循证证据。
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2021年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.16
  • 接收时间:2020-08-14
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2021-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-14
  • 修回日期:2020-12-09
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    空军军医大学附属西京医院骨科,西安 710032

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韩一生,E-mail:;
马真胜,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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