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Article(id=1211268821210501758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.02, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1583251200000, receivedDateStr=2020-03-04, revisedDate=1605283200000, revisedDateStr=2020-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766718591262, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1611763200000, pubDateStr=2021-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766718591262, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766718591262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718591262, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211268819788632695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766718590924, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718828068, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269814484594852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269814484594853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1211268819788632695, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211268821474742917, articleId=1211268821210501758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Changes of ocular fundus hemodynamics and retinal and choroidal thickness after tail suspension for 2 weeks in rats, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated 2-week microgravity on the ocular fundus hemodynamics of central retinal artery and the retinal and choroidal thickness in autogenous rats. Methods Eight healthy SD rats were designed in self-control, designed for the control before tail suspension, the tail suspension for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d. A rat model of simulated microgravity method was established by tail suspension. The peak maximum systolic velocity (PSV) of central retinal artery(CRA) in rats was detected and analyzed by color Doppler ultrasonography. The retinal and choroidal thicknesses were measured by the enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT). Results The PSV value in each different period after tail suspension was decreased compared with that in the control before tail suspension (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PSV value between the tail suspension for 1 d and both the tail suspension for 4 d and 7 d (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the tail suspension for 1 d and the tail suspension for 14 d (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in retinal thickness between the control and the each different periods after tail suspension (P>0.05). The choroidal thickness was lower in the control before tail suspension than that in each different period after tail suspension (P<0.05). Compared with the tail suspension for 1 d, the choroidal thickness of the rats was significantly increased in the tail suspension for 4, 7 and 14 d respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions Two-week simulated microgravity environment has significant effects on the fundus blood flow and choroid thickness in rats, but has no obvious effect on the retinal thickness in rats. The fundus flow velocity would decrease and choroid thickness would increase with the prolongation of the tail suspension time.

, correspAuthors=Yong-Jie Xu, Yuan-Yuan Shi, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Xu Yong-Jie, E-mail: ;
Shi Yuan-Yuan, E-mail:
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目的 探讨微重力环境下大鼠视网膜中央动脉(CRA)血流动力学及视网膜、脉络膜厚度的变化。方法 雄性SD大鼠8只，采用自身对照法分为尾吊前及尾吊1、4、7、14 d等5个时间段，采用尾悬吊法建立模拟微重力环境大鼠模型，利用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量大鼠CRA收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)，利用EDI SD-OCT测量大鼠视网膜、脉络膜厚度。结果 尾吊后不同时间段大鼠PSV均较尾吊前下降(P<0.05)；尾吊后1 d大鼠PSV与尾吊4 d、7 d比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但明显低于尾吊14 d时，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。尾吊前与尾吊后各时间段大鼠视网膜厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尾吊后不同时间段大鼠脉络膜厚度均较尾吊前增加(P<0.05)；与尾吊1 d比较，尾吊4、7、14 d大鼠脉络膜厚度均明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 模拟2周微重力环境下大鼠眼底血流速度降低，脉络膜厚度增加，但视网膜厚度未发生明显变化。

, correspAuthors=许永杰, 石圆圆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
许永杰，E-mail：;
石圆圆，E-mail：
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宫玉波，医学博士，副主任医师，主要从事眼表疾病与失重医学方面的研究。E-mail：

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宫玉波，医学博士，副主任医师，主要从事眼表疾病与失重医学方面的研究。E-mail：

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宫玉波，医学博士，副主任医师，主要从事眼表疾病与失重医学方面的研究。E-mail：

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Acta Neurochir Suppl, 2018, 126: 215-219., articleTitle=Spaceflight-induced visual impairment and globe deformations in astronauts are linked to orbital cerebrospinal fluid volume increase, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1211268829133542325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, awardId=19ZX84, language=EN, fundingSource=National Environmental Protection Key Laboratory Open Fund of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health(19ZX84), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268829225817018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, awardId=19ZX84, language=CN, fundingSource=国家环境保护环境感官应激与健康重点实验室开放基金(19ZX84), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268829301314497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, awardId=15QNP051, language=EN, fundingSource=Incubation Project of Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Programme(15QNP051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268829372617672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, awardId=15QNP051, language=CN, fundingSource=全军医学科技青年培育项目(15QNP051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268829456503757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, awardId=16QNP035, language=EN, fundingSource=Incubation Project of Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Programme(16QNP035), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211268829540389841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, awardId=16QNP035, language=CN, fundingSource=全军医学科技青年培育项目(16QNP035), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211268823479620252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268823488008862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, companyId=1211268823479620252, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Ophthalmology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268823496397471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, companyId=1211268823479620252, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心眼科，北京 100101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211268823555117730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268823563506340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, companyId=1211268823555117730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Strategic Support Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211268823571894949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, companyId=1211268823555117730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心特诊科，北京 100101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1211268828328235898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of retinal and choroidal thickness in rats with tail suspension at different time, figureFileSmall=QVVB8BGKJBTCX/iQsNMw9g==, figureFileBig=IkvSfZq0DkJc36ALg/4eWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211268828407927681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同时间尾吊大鼠视网膜、脉络膜厚度变化

A. 尾吊前；B. 尾吊1 d；C. 尾吊4 d；D. 尾吊7 d；E. 尾吊14 d

, figureFileSmall=QVVB8BGKJBTCX/iQsNMw9g==, figureFileBig=IkvSfZq0DkJc36ALg/4eWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211268828638614417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Hemodynamic changes of CRA in rats with tail suspension at different time (cm/s, $\bar{x}±s$, n=8)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间PSV
尾吊前0.125±0.014
尾吊1 d0.088±0.015(1)
尾吊4 d0.093±0.012(1)
尾吊7 d0.095±0.015(1)
尾吊14 d0.107±0.015(1)(2)
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不同时长尾吊大鼠CRA血流动力学变化(cm/s，$\bar{x}±s$，n=8)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间PSV
尾吊前0.125±0.014
尾吊1 d0.088±0.015(1)
尾吊4 d0.093±0.012(1)
尾吊7 d0.095±0.015(1)
尾吊14 d0.107±0.015(1)(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1211268828894466973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Changes of retinal and choroidal thickness in rats with tail suspension at different time (μm, $\bar{x}±s$, n=8)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间视网膜脉络膜
尾吊前199.833±4.262112.833±4.665
尾吊1 d201.000±3.899137.833±5.636(1)
尾吊4 d202.500±6.716158.333±2.805(1)(2)
尾吊7 d204.333±4.676158.000±4.099(1)(2)
尾吊14 d203.167±3.971166.500±5.857(1)(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1211268829011907495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1211268821210501758, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同时长尾吊大鼠视网膜、脉络膜厚度变化(μm，$\bar{x}±s$，n=8)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间视网膜脉络膜
尾吊前199.833±4.262112.833±4.665
尾吊1 d201.000±3.899137.833±5.636(1)
尾吊4 d202.500±6.716158.333±2.805(1)(2)
尾吊7 d204.333±4.676158.000±4.099(1)(2)
尾吊14 d203.167±3.971166.500±5.857(1)(2)
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微重力环境下大鼠眼底血流动力学及视网膜、脉络膜厚度的变化
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宫玉波 1 , 赵宏伟 1 , 宋飞龙 1 , 张宇 1 , 郭小华 1 , 罗灵 1 , 许永杰 2, * , 石圆圆 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(1): 7-10
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(1): 7-10
微重力环境下大鼠眼底血流动力学及视网膜、脉络膜厚度的变化
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宫玉波1 , 赵宏伟1, 宋飞龙1, 张宇1, 郭小华1, 罗灵1, 许永杰2, * , 石圆圆1, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心眼科，北京 100101
  • 2解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心特诊科，北京 100101

    • 宫玉波，医学博士，副主任医师，主要从事眼表疾病与失重医学方面的研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

许永杰，E-mail：;
石圆圆，E-mail：
Changes of ocular fundus hemodynamics and retinal and choroidal thickness after tail suspension for 2 weeks in rats
Yu-Bo Gong1 , Hong-Wei Zhao1, Fei-Long Song1, Yu Zhang1, Xiao-Hua Guo1, Ling Luo1, Yong-Jie Xu2, * , Yuan-Yuan Shi1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Strategic Support Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China
出版时间: 2021-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.02
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摘要
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目的 探讨微重力环境下大鼠视网膜中央动脉(CRA)血流动力学及视网膜、脉络膜厚度的变化。方法 雄性SD大鼠8只，采用自身对照法分为尾吊前及尾吊1、4、7、14 d等5个时间段，采用尾悬吊法建立模拟微重力环境大鼠模型，利用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量大鼠CRA收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)，利用EDI SD-OCT测量大鼠视网膜、脉络膜厚度。结果 尾吊后不同时间段大鼠PSV均较尾吊前下降(P<0.05)；尾吊后1 d大鼠PSV与尾吊4 d、7 d比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但明显低于尾吊14 d时，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。尾吊前与尾吊后各时间段大鼠视网膜厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尾吊后不同时间段大鼠脉络膜厚度均较尾吊前增加(P<0.05)；与尾吊1 d比较，尾吊4、7、14 d大鼠脉络膜厚度均明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 模拟2周微重力环境下大鼠眼底血流速度降低，脉络膜厚度增加，但视网膜厚度未发生明显变化。

模拟微重力环境  /  视网膜中央动脉  /  血流动力学  /  视网膜厚度  /  脉络膜厚度

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated 2-week microgravity on the ocular fundus hemodynamics of central retinal artery and the retinal and choroidal thickness in autogenous rats. Methods Eight healthy SD rats were designed in self-control, designed for the control before tail suspension, the tail suspension for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d. A rat model of simulated microgravity method was established by tail suspension. The peak maximum systolic velocity (PSV) of central retinal artery(CRA) in rats was detected and analyzed by color Doppler ultrasonography. The retinal and choroidal thicknesses were measured by the enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT). Results The PSV value in each different period after tail suspension was decreased compared with that in the control before tail suspension (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PSV value between the tail suspension for 1 d and both the tail suspension for 4 d and 7 d (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the tail suspension for 1 d and the tail suspension for 14 d (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in retinal thickness between the control and the each different periods after tail suspension (P>0.05). The choroidal thickness was lower in the control before tail suspension than that in each different period after tail suspension (P<0.05). Compared with the tail suspension for 1 d, the choroidal thickness of the rats was significantly increased in the tail suspension for 4, 7 and 14 d respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions Two-week simulated microgravity environment has significant effects on the fundus blood flow and choroid thickness in rats, but has no obvious effect on the retinal thickness in rats. The fundus flow velocity would decrease and choroid thickness would increase with the prolongation of the tail suspension time.

simulated microgravity  /  central retinal artery  /  hemodynamics  /  retinal thickness  /  choroidal thickness
宫玉波, 赵宏伟, 宋飞龙, 张宇, 郭小华, 罗灵, 许永杰, 石圆圆. 微重力环境下大鼠眼底血流动力学及视网膜、脉络膜厚度的变化. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (1) : 7 -10 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.02
Yu-Bo Gong, Hong-Wei Zhao, Fei-Long Song, Yu Zhang, Xiao-Hua Guo, Ling Luo, Yong-Jie Xu, Yuan-Yuan Shi. Changes of ocular fundus hemodynamics and retinal and choroidal thickness after tail suspension for 2 weeks in rats[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (1) : 7 -10 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.02
正文
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失重会造成人体生理功能发生显著变化[1]，其中眼部结构及视功能的改变尤为重要。长期处于太空失重环境下，可引起视盘水肿、视网膜棉絮斑、神经纤维层增厚等眼部损害[2-3]。失重对眼部损害的具体机制尚不明确，但与失重状态下血液头向分布、颅内压增高及静脉淤血等有关[4-5]。关于失重状态下眼部血流变化的研究报道不一，有研究发现，短期(7 d)失重对健康青年人视网膜中央动脉(central retinal artery，CRA)及眼动脉的血流动力学几乎没有影响，且出现的一些轻微变化有恢复趋势[6]；本课题组前期对失重大鼠进行研究发现，短期失重与长期失重大鼠的眼底血流变化不同[7-8]。失重可影响眼部结构，导致眼轴变短，但对失重状态下视网膜、脉络膜厚度的变化鲜有报道。本研究分析大鼠失重前后不同时段眼底血流及视网膜、脉络膜厚度变化的规律。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 实验动物
SPF级雄性SD大鼠，体重220 g，由斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司提供[动物许可证号：SCXK(京)2016-0002]。实验过程符合国家及单位有关实验动物管理和使用的规定。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 实验分组及模拟微重力环境大鼠模型建立
随机选取健康SD大鼠8只，采用自身对照法分为尾吊前以及尾吊1、4、7、14 d等5个时间段。采用尾悬吊法建立模拟微重力环境大鼠模型[9]。大鼠单笼饲养，尾部悬吊，使后肢悬空，保持头低位，并使身体纵轴与水平线呈–30°夹角，前肢着地可自由活动，自由进食、饮水。
1.2.2 彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测CRA血流动力学变化
以大鼠右眼作为实验眼。腹腔注射3 ml/kg 10%水合氯醛麻醉大鼠，检测前双眼均滴表面麻醉药2次。采用Acuson Sequoia 512型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(德国西门子公司)，探头型号15L8-S，频率10 MHz，彩色多普勒增益固定在50 dB，图像深度调至2.0 cm[8]，测量大鼠双眼CRA血流动力学，二维显示眼球轮廓，轻微调整探头方向，使视神经暗区在眼球后壁清晰显示，启动彩色多普勒超声诊断仪。以红、蓝色伴行且垂直于眼球壁或交替出现进入眼球后壁的彩色血流信号作为大鼠CRA和视网膜中央静脉(central retinal vein，CRV)。利用转向角功能，使彩色多普勒超声诊断仪角度尽量<30°；将取样容积调整为1 mm，置于彩色CRA血流最亮处[10]。选择5个清晰的心动周期图像，测定收缩期最大血流速度(peak maximum systolic velocity，PSV)。每个指标重复测量3次，取平均值。所有操作均由同一名医师完成。
1.2.3 大鼠视网膜、脉络膜厚度测量
以大鼠右眼作为实验眼。腹腔注射3 ml/kg 10%水合氯醛麻醉大鼠，双眼均用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼扩瞳，然后以卡波姆滴眼液涂在角膜表面，保持角膜湿润状态。待大鼠反应迟钝后，包裹全身，置于光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查台上，暴露待检眼，使眼球前后径线与扫描指示光源一致。使用ZEISS 5000(德国Zeiss公司)分别进行双眼SD-OCT检查(EDI模式)，测量距离视盘水平颞侧2个视盘直径(disc diameter，DD)处的视网膜、脉络膜厚度，每只眼重复扫描3次。使用检测系统的自带软件手动测量视网膜内界膜至视网膜色素上皮层的距离定义为视网膜厚度；色素上皮层外高反射条带宽度定义为脉络膜厚度[11-12]。
1.3 统计学处理
采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示，多样本均数比较采用重复测量数据的方差分析，进一步两两比较采用LSD检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
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2.1 尾吊大鼠CRA血流动力学变化
尾吊后不同时间段大鼠PSV均较尾吊前下降(P<0.05)；尾吊后1 d大鼠PSV与尾吊4 d、7 d比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但明显低于尾吊14 d时，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05，表1)。
2.2 尾吊大鼠视网膜、脉络膜厚度变化
与尾吊前比较，尾吊后各时间段大鼠视网膜厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尾吊后不同时间段大鼠脉络膜厚度均较尾吊前增加(P<0.05)；与尾吊1 d比较，尾吊4、7、14 d大鼠脉络膜厚度均明显增加(P<0.05)，但尾吊4、7、14 d大鼠脉络膜厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05，表2、图1)。
3 讨论
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失重状态下，体液头向转移，颅内压增高，从而可影响眼部的结构和功能，包括视盘水肿和视力降低等。依据截至目前的研究[2,13-16]，失重状态下眼部损伤的发生机制包括：(1)航天相关神经-眼综合征[15]。失重状态下脑脊液动力学障碍，颅内压升高，从而引起蛛网膜下腔压力升高，与眼内压之间跨筛板压力差增大，引起视盘水肿、视网膜神经纤维层增厚；扩张的视神经鞘膜会压迫巩膜，造成眼球变平、眼轴变短。(2)眼部血流动力学变化。可导致视网膜血流发生变化，脉络膜血容量增加[16]，引发视神经视网膜病变、眼内压升高、眼轴变短等。
眼部血流改变是影响眼部结构及功能的重要因素。本课题组前期研究发现，随尾吊时间延长，大鼠眼底血流速度降低，眼轴变短[8]。但有研究发现，6°头低足高位卧床模拟失重，连续卧床7 d，人眼底血流未见明显变化[6]；也有研究发现，模拟失重状态下人黄斑中心视网膜厚度不变，脉络膜厚度增加[16]。本研究发现，尾吊大鼠不同时段视网膜中央动脉PSV均较尾吊前降低，其中尾吊1 d PSV下降明显；随尾吊时间延长，PSV有所提高，尾吊14 d较尾吊1 d升高明显，但仍低于尾吊前。
SD大鼠的视网膜血管以视盘为中心呈放射状排列直至周边，末梢分支变细或侧支分出的毛细血管相互吻合，形成密集的毛细血管网，呈两层分布。SD大鼠无人类的黄斑中心凹及血管拱环结构[17]。大鼠视网膜分层与人类基本相同，分为神经上皮层及色素上皮层，其中神经上皮层分为内界膜、神经纤维层、神经节细胞层、内丛状层、内核层、外丛状层、外核层、外界膜、内段/外段层(inner segment/outer segment，IS/OS)等9层[11,18]。脉络膜位于视网膜与巩膜之间，由外向内分为脉络膜上腔、大血管层和中血管层、脉络膜毛细血管层、Bruch膜，主要由大量的血管组成。脉络膜作为视网膜外层、筛板前视神经的主要供血结构，具有重要的生理意义，并可能参与多种眼部和全身疾病的病理过程。脉络膜厚度的变化可直观反映其组织结构及功能的异常，从而推断脉络膜结构与相关疾病的关系。早期对视网膜、脉络膜厚度的研究主要依靠病理学检查方法，而对活体视网膜、脉络膜厚度检测未有较好方法。随着频域相干光断层深度增强成像(enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography，EDI SD-OCT)技术的出现，临床及科研工作者可很好地观察视网膜、脉络膜断层结构并定点测量其厚度，该技术具有非侵入性、直观、可重复等特点[19-20]。
本研究发现，尾吊状态下，大鼠视网膜厚度较尾吊前未见明显变化；而脉络膜厚度较尾吊前增加，其中尾吊4 d脉络膜厚度增加最明显，尾吊7、14 d脉络膜厚度与尾吊4 d差异无统计学意义，与相关研究结果一致[16,21]，表明脉络膜厚度增加与体位改变致脉络膜血流淤滞、脉络膜血管扩张有关。视网膜属于神经组织，神经组织增厚多与缺血缺氧致组织水肿有关。本课题组前期尾吊大鼠眼底像观察显示，尾吊2周大鼠眼底无明显变化[7]，考虑2周失重对眼部血供产生的影响尚不足以引起视网膜神经组织明显水肿进而导致其厚度发生变化。通常情况下，0.33 mm的眼轴变化可引起1D屈光状态的改变。脉络膜厚度的微小增加，虽然导致眼轴轻微缩短，但这种微小变化却能引起明显的屈光度改变，出现远视漂移，近视力下降。健康人眼的屈光状态主要与角膜曲率、晶状体和眼轴长度等有关，而宇航员在太空环境下，除微重力环境影响眼轴长度外，晶状体及角膜等眼部组织受辐射、磁场、内分泌代谢变化等因素的影响也会影响眼轴长度[22-24]，上述因素可能对眼部的屈光及视力状态产生影响。
综上所述，本研究结果表明，模拟2周微重力环境下大鼠眼底血流速度降低，脉络膜厚度增加，但视网膜厚度未发生明显变化。本研究的不足之处在于，受到大鼠测量条件等因素的限制，测量时需要进行麻醉并变换体位，导致实验结果与真实情况存在一定偏差。此外，失重尤其长期失重对眼部的损伤是多方面的，如眼部微循环改变、眼部炎性因子表达等，其机制仍须进一步探讨。
基金
收起
  • 国家环境保护环境感官应激与健康重点实验室开放基金(19ZX84)
  • 全军医学科技青年培育项目(15QNP051)
  • 全军医学科技青年培育项目(16QNP035)
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2021年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.02
  • 接收时间：2020-03-04
  • 首发时间：2025-12-26
  • 出版时间：2021-01-28
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  • 收稿日期：2020-03-04
  • 修回日期：2020-11-14
基金
National Environmental Protection Key Laboratory Open Fund of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health(19ZX84)
国家环境保护环境感官应激与健康重点实验室开放基金(19ZX84)
Incubation Project of Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Programme(15QNP051)
全军医学科技青年培育项目(15QNP051)
Incubation Project of Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Programme(16QNP035)
全军医学科技青年培育项目(16QNP035)
作者信息
    1解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心眼科，北京 100101
    2解放军战略支援部队特色医学中心特诊科，北京 100101

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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